Chapters on Legal Cases and Rulings
Chapter on Miscellaneous Matters Related to Emancipation
وَ رَوَى اَلسَّكُونِيُّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي مُكَاتَبَةٍ يَطَؤُهَا مَوْلاَهَا فَتَحْبَلُ قَالَ "يَرُدُّ عَلَيْهَا مَهْرَ مِثْلِهَا وَ تَسْعَى فِي قِيمَتِهَا فَإِنْ عَجَزَتْ فَهِيَ مِنْ أُمَّهَاتِ اَلْأَوْلاَدِ".
Al-Sakuni narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) (peace be upon them), who said: "Imam Ali ibn Al-Hussain (a.s) was asked about a contract-bound female slave (mukatabah) whose master had intercourse with her, and she became pregnant. Imam (a.s) replied: "He must pay her the equivalent of her dowry, and she must work to pay off her value. If she is unable to do so, then she is considered one of the mothers of children (Umm al-Walad)."
وَ دَخَلَ اِبْنُ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ اَلْمُكَارِي عَلَى اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبْلَغَ اَللَّهُ مِنْ قَدْرِكَ أَنْ تَدَّعِيَ مَا يَدَّعِي أَبُوكَ فَقَالَ لَهُ "مَا لَكَ أَطْفَأَ اَللَّهُ نُورَكَ وَ أَدْخَلَ اَلْفَقْرَ بَيْتَكَ أَ مَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ اَللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَوْحَى إِلَى عِمْرَانَ أَنِّي وَاهِبٌ لَكَ ذَكَراً فَوَهَبَ لَهُ مَرْيَمَ وَ وَهَبَ لِمَرْيَمَ عِيسَى، فَعِيسَى مِنْ مَرْيَمَ وَ مَرْيَمُ مِنْ عِيسَى وَ عِيسَى وَ مَرْيَمُ شَيْءٌ وَاحِدٌ وَ أَنَا مِنْ أَبِي وَ أَبِي مِنِّي وَ أَنَا وَ أَبِي شَيْءٌ وَاحِدٌ " فَقَالَ لَهُ اِبْنُ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ فَأَسْأَلُكَ عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ فَقَالَ "لاَ إِخَالُكَ تَقْبَلُ مِنِّي وَ لَسْتَ مِنْ غَنَمِي وَ لَكِنْ هَلُمَّهَا" فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ قَالَ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ كُلُّ مَمْلُوكٍ لِي قَدِيمٍ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ لِوَجْهِ اَللَّهِ تَعَالَى فَقَالَ "نَعَمْ إِنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ: حَتّٰى عٰادَ كَالْعُرْجُونِ اَلْقَدِيمِ فَمَا كَانَ مِنْ مَمَالِيكِهِ أَتَى لَهُ سِتَّةُ أَشْهُرٍ فَهُوَ قَدِيمٌ حُرٌّ" قَالَ فَخَرَجَ وَ اِفْتَقَرَ حَتَّى مَاتَ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَبِيتُ لَيْلَةٍ لَعَنَهُ اَللَّهُ.
Ibn Abi Sa'id al-Mukari entered upon Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (a.s) and said to him: "Has Allah (swt) elevated your status to the extent that you claim what your father claims?" The Imam (a.s) replied: "What is wrong with you? May Allah (swt) extinguish your light and bring poverty into your house! Do you not know that Allah (swt), the Blessed and Exalted, revealed to Imran, 'I will grant you a son,' and then granted him Maryam instead, and granted Maryam, Isa? Isa is from Maryam, and Maryam is from Isa, and Isa and Maryam are one and the same. I am from my father, and my father is from me, and I and my father are one and the same." Then Ibn Abi Sa'id said to Him (a.s): "Let me ask you a question." The Imam (a.s) replied: "I do not think you will accept my answer, for you are not from my followers. But go ahead and ask." The man said: "What if someone, upon his deathbed, declares that all his old slaves are free for the sake of Allah (swt)?" The Imam (a.s) said: "Yes, indeed. Allah (swt), the Exalted, says: 'until it becomes like the old date stalk' (Surah Ya-Sin 36:39) Thus, any of his slaves who have been with him for six months are considered old and are set free." The narrator said that Ibn Abi Sa'id left and fell into poverty until he died, without having a shelter to spend the night in. May Allah (swt) curse him!
وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي اَلْوَرْدِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مَمْلُوكٍ نَصْرَانِيٍّ لِرَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ عَلَيْهِ جِزْيَةٌ قَالَ "نَعَمْ إِنَّمَا هُوَ مَالِكُهُ يَفْتَدِيهِ إِذَا أُخِذَ يُؤَدِّي عَنْهُ ".
Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Hisham ibn Salim, from Abu al-Ward, who said: I asked Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) about a Christian slave owned by a Muslim man-does the slave have to pay jizyah (tribute tax)? Imam (a.s) replied: "Yes, because his owner is the one responsible for redeeming him if he is taken, and he (the owner) must pay it on his behalf."
Book of Livelihood
Chapter on Livelihoods, Earnings, Profits, and Professions
رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي قَوْلِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: رَبَّنٰا آتِنٰا فِي اَلدُّنْيٰا حَسَنَةً وَ فِي اَلْآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً قَالَ "رِضْوَانُ اَللَّهِ وَ اَلْجَنَّةُ فِي اَلْآخِرَةِ وَ اَلسَّعَةُ فِي اَلرِّزْقِ وَ اَلْمَعَايِشِ وَ حُسْنُ اَلْخُلُقِ فِي اَلدُّنْيَا".
Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Jamil ibn Salih, from Abu Abdullah (a.s): Regarding the words of Allah (swt), the Almighty: "Our Lord (azj), grant us good in this world and good in the Hereafter" (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:201) Imam (a.s) said: "Good in the Hereafter" refers to Allah's (swt) pleasure and Paradise, and "good in this world" refers to abundance in sustenance, favorable living conditions, and good character.
وَ رَوَى ذَرِيحُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ اَلْمُحَارِبِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "نِعْمَ اَلْعَوْنُ اَلدُّنْيَا عَلَى اَلْآخِرَةِ".
Dharih ibn Yazid al-Muharibi narrated from Abu Abdullah (a.s): "The world is an excellent aid for the Hereafter."
وَ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "لَيْسَ مِنَّا مَنْ تَرَكَ دُنْيَاهُ لآِخِرَتِهِ وَ لاَ آخِرَتَهُ لِدُنْيَاهُ ".
Imam (a.s) said: "He is not from us who abandons his worldly life for his Hereafter, nor his Hereafter for his worldly life."
وَ رُوِيَ عَنِ اَلْعَالِمِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: "اِعْمَلْ لِدُنْيَاكَ كَأَنَّكَ تَعِيشُ أَبَداً وَ اِعْمَلْ لآِخِرَتِكَ كَأَنَّكَ تَمُوتُ غَداً".
It is narrated from the Imam (a.s) that he said: "Work for your worldly life as if you will live forever, and work for your Hereafter as if you will die tomorrow."
وَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: "نِعْمَ اَلْعَوْنُ عَلَى تَقْوَى اَللَّهِ اَلْغِنَى".
The Messenger of Allah (swt), peace and blessings be upon him and his family, said: "Wealth is an excellent aid in attaining piety towards Allah (swt)."
وَ رَوَى عُمَرُ بْنُ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنِ اَلصَّادِقِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: "إِنَّ اَللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى لَيُحِبُّ اَلاِغْتِرَابَ فِي طَلَبِ اَلرِّزْقِ".
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "Indeed, Allah (swt), Blessed and Exalted, loves traveling in pursuit of sustenance."
وَ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "اِشْخَصْ يَشْخَصْ لَكَ اَلرِّزْقُ".
Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "Set out (on a journey), and sustenance will set out for you."
