Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَ يَجُوزُ لِلْمُسْلِمِ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ مَمْلُوكاً مُشْرِكاً قَالَ "لاَ".

It is narrated from Saif bin Amira, who said: "I asked Abu Abdullah (a.s), 'Is it permissible for a Muslim to free a slave who is a polytheist?'" Imam (a.s) said: "No."

وَ رَوَى أَبُو اَلْبَخْتَرِيِّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّ عَلِيّاً عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "لاَ يَجُوزُ فِي اَلْعَتَاقِ اَلْأَعْمَى وَ اَلْأَعْوَرُ وَ اَلْمُقْعَدُ وَ يَجُوزُ اَلْأَشَلُّ وَ اَلْأَعْرَجُ ".

It is narrated by Abu Al-Bakhtari from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s), that Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) said: "It is not permissible in emancipation (freeing a slave) for the blind, the one-eyed, or the crippled. However, it is permissible for the one with a paralyzed hand or the lame."

وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَخِيهِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَلَيْهِ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ نَسَمَةً أَيُّهُمَا أَفْضَلُ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ شَيْخاً كَبِيراً أَوْ شَابّاً أَجْرَدَ قَالَ "أَعْتَقَ مَنْ أَغْنَى نَفْسَهُ اَلشَّيْخُ اَلْكَبِيرُ أَفْضَلُ مِنَ اَلشَّابِّ اَلْأَجْرَدِ".

It is narrated from Ali bin Ja'far from his brother Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (a.s), who said: "I asked him about a man who is obligated to free a slave and intends to emancipate one. Which is better-to free an old man or a young, healthy man?" Imam (a.s) replied: 'Free the one who is more self-sufficient. The old man is better than the young, healthy (strong) man.' "

وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ هِلاَلٍ قَالَ: كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ كَانَ عَلَيَّ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ فَهَرَبَ لِي مَمْلُوكٌ لَسْتُ أَعْلَمُ أَيْنَ هُوَ أَ يُجْزِينِي عِتْقُهُ فَكَتَبَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "نَعَمْ ".

It is narrated from Ahmad bin Hilal, who said: "I wrote to Abu al-Hasan (a.s), stating that I was obligated to free a slave, but my slave had escaped, and I did not know where he was. Would his emancipation suffice for fulfilling my obligation?" Imam (a.s) wrote back: 'Yes.' "

وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي هَاشِمٍ اَلْجَعْفَرِيِّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَهُ مَمْلُوكٌ قَدْ أَبَقَ مِنْهُ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُعْتِقَهُ فِي كَفَّارَةِ اَلظِّهَارِ قَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ مَا لَمْ يَعْرِفْ مِنْهُ مَوْتاً".

It is narrated from Abu Hashim al-Ja'fari, who said: "I asked Abu al-Hasan (a.s), about a man who had a runaway slave. Is it permissible for him to free the slave as an expiation for zihar?" Imam (a.s) replied: 'There is no harm in it, as long as he has not come to know of the slave's death.'"

رَوَى سَعِيدُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "لاَ بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يُعْتَقَ وَلَدُ اَلزِّنَا".

It is narrated from Sa'id ibn Yasar, who said: "Abu Abdullah (a.s), said: 'There is no harm in emancipating the child born out of wedlock.' "

وَ رَوَى عَنْبَسَةُ بْنُ مُصْعَبٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ جَارِيَةٌ لِي زَنَتْ أَبِيعُ وَلَدَهَا قَالَ "نَعَمْ" قُلْتُ أَحُجُّ بِثَمَنِهِ قَالَ "نَعَمْ".

It is narrated from Anbasa ibn Mus'ab that he said: "I said to Abu Abdullah (a.s): 'A bondwoman of mine committed adultery. Can I sell her child?' Imam (a.s) said: 'Yes.' I said: 'Can I perform Hajj with its price?' Imam (a.s) said: 'Yes.' "

وَ رَوَى حَمَّادٌ عَنِ اَلْحَلَبِيِّ قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ وَلَدِ اَلزِّنَا أَ يُشْتَرَى أَوْ يُبَاعُ أَوْ يُسْتَخْدَمُ قَالَ "نَعَمْ إِلاَّ جَارِيَةً لَقِيطَةً فَإِنَّهَا لاَ تُشْتَرَى".

It is narrated from Hammad, from Al-Halabi, who said: "Abu Abdullah (a.s), was asked about a child born out of adultery-can he be bought, sold, or used for service? Imam (a.s) said: 'Yes, except for a foundling girl (abandoned by parents), as she cannot be bought.' "

وَ رَوَى حَمَّادُ بْنُ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "اَلْمَنْبُوذُ حُرٌّ إِنْ شَاءَ جَعَلَ وَلاَءَهُ لِلَّذِينَ رَبَّوْهُ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ لِغَيْرِهِمْ".

It is narrated from Hammad bin Isa, from Hariz, from Abu Abdullah (a.s): "The abandoned child (foundling) is free. If he wishes, he may assign his allegiance to those who raised him, or if he wishes, to others."

وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ اَلْمُثَنَّى عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "إِنْ طَلَبَ اَلَّذِي رَبَّاهُ بِنَفَقَتِهِ وَ كَانَ مُوسِراً رَدَّ عَلَيْهِ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مُوسِراً كَانَ مَا أَنْفَقَ صَدَقَةً".

In the narration of Al-Muthanna, from Abu Abdullah (a.s): "If the one who raised the abandoned child demands repayment for his expenses and he (the child) is financially capable, he must repay him. However, if he is not financially capable, then what was spent is considered charity."