Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

4045 - وَ سَأَلَ عَبْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ سِنَانٍ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : عَنْ شِرَاءِ اَلْفِضَّةِ وَ فِيهَا اَلزِّيبَقُ وَ اَلرَّصَاصُ بِالْوَرِقِ وَ هِيَ إِذَا أُذِيبَتْ نَقَصَتْ مِنْ كُلِّ عَشَرَةٍ دِرْهَمَانِ أَوْ ثَلاَثَةٌ فَقَالَ "لاَ يَصْلُحُ إِلاَّ بِالذَّهَبِ".

Hadith.4045 - Abdullah ibn Sinan asked Abu Abdullah (as) about buying silver that contains mercury and lead with silver coins, knowing that when it is melted, it decreases by two or three dirhams for every ten. Imam (as) said: "It is not permissible, except with gold."

4046 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ : قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَكُونُ لِلرَّجُلِ عِنْدِي مِنَ اَلدَّرَاهِمِ اَلْوَضَحُ فَيَلْقَانِي فَيَقُولُ أَ لَيْسَ لِي عِنْدَكَ كَذَا وَ كَذَا أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ وَضَحٍ فَأَقُولُ نَعَمْ فَيَقُولُ حَوِّلْهَا إِلَى دَنَانِيرَ بِهَذَا اَلسِّعْرِ وَ أَثْبِتْهَا لِي عِنْدَكَ فَمَا تَرَى فِي هَذَا قَالَ "إِذَا كُنْتَ قَدِ اِسْتَقْصَيْتَ لَهُ اَلسِّعْرَ يَوْمَئِذٍ فَلاَ بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ" قَالَ فَقُلْتُ إِنِّي لَمْ أُوَازِنْهُ وَ لَمْ أُنَاقِدْهُ إِنَّمَا كَانَ كَلاَمٌ مِنِّي وَ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ "أَ لَيْسَ اَلدَّرَاهِمُ مِنْ عِنْدِكَ وَ اَلدَّنَانِيرُ مِنْ عِنْدِكَ" قُلْتُ بَلَى قَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ".

Hadith.4046 - Ishaq ibn Ammar narrated: I said to Abu Abdullah (as): "A man has some clear silver dirhams with me. He meets me and says, 'Don't I have such and such amount of clear dirhams with you?' I reply, 'Yes.' Then he says, 'Convert them into dinars at this rate and record them for me as dinars.' What do you think about this?" Imam (as) said: "If you had calculated the exchange rate for him on that day, then there is no harm in it." I said: "I did not weigh them or make the exchange in person; it was only a verbal agreement between us." Imam (as) said: "Aren't the dirhams and dinars both with you?" I said: "Yes." Imam (as) said: "Then there is no harm in it."

4047 - وَ رَوَى أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ اَلْبَرْقِيُّ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنْ وَهْبِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : "لاَ يَأْكُلُ مِنَ اَلضَّالَّةِ إِلاَّ اَلضَّالُّونَ ".

Hadith.4047 - Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Khalid al-Barqi (may Allah (swt) be pleased with him) narrated from Wahb ibn Wahb, from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), who said: "None consume from lost property except those who are themselves lost."

4048 - وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ اَلصَّادِقِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّ عَلِيّاً صَلَوَاتُ اَللَّهِ وَ سَلاَمُهُ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ : "إِيَّاكُمْ وَ اَللُّقَطَةَ فَإِنَّهَا ضَالَّةُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِ وَ هِيَ حَرِيقٌ مِنْ حَرِيقِ جَهَنَّمَ ".

Hadith.4048 - In a narration from Mas'adah ibn Ziyad, from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), that Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "Beware of taking lost property, for it is the loss of a believer, and it is a flame from the flames of Hell."

4049 - وَ سَأَلَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ، أَخَاهُ مُوسَى بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ : عَنِ اَللُّقَطَةِ يَجِدُهَا اَلْفَقِيرُ هُوَ فِيهَا بِمَنْزِلَةِ اَلْغَنِيِّ فَقَالَ "نَعَمْ" قَالَ "وَ كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ اَلْحُسَيْنِ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ "هِيَ لِأَهْلِهَا لاَ تَمَسُّوهَا " " قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يُصِيبُ دِرْهَماً أَوْ ثَوْباً أَوْ دَابَّةً كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ قَالَ "يُعَرِّفُهَا سَنَةً فَإِنْ لَمْ يَعْرِفْ جَعَلَهَا فِي عَرْضِ مَالِهِ حَتَّى يَجِيءَ طَالِبُهَا فَيُعْطِيَهَا إِيَّاهُ وَ إِنْ مَاتَ أَوْصَى بِهَا وَ هُوَ لَهَا ضَامِنٌ ".

Hadith.4049 - Ali ibn Ja'far asked his brother Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as) about a lost item found by a poor person, whether he is in the same position regarding it as a wealthy person. Imam (as) said: "Yes." Imam (as) further said: " Imam Ali ibn Al-Hussain (as) used to say, 'It belongs to its owner, do not touch it.'" He (Ali ibn Ja'far) said: I also asked Imam (as) about a man who finds a dirham, a piece of clothing, or a riding animal, what should he do? Imam (as) said: "He should announce it for one year. If its owner does not come forward, he should keep it as part of his property until its claimant appears, and then he must return it. If he dies, he should include it in his will, and he is responsible for it."

4050 - وَ رَوَى اِبْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ : قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ وَجَدَ فِي بَيْتِهِ دِينَاراً فَقَالَ "يَدْخُلُ مَنْزِلَهُ غَيْرُهُ" فَقُلْتُ نَعَمْ كَثِيرٌ قَالَ "هَذِهِ لُقَطَةٌ" قُلْتُ وَ رَجُلٌ وَجَدَ فِي صُنْدُوقِهِ دِينَاراً قَالَ "يُدْخِلُ أَحَدٌ يَدَهُ فِي صُنْدُوقِهِ غَيْرُهُ أَوْ يَضَعُ فِيهِ شَيْئاً" قُلْتُ لاَ قَالَ "فَهُوَ لَهُ".

Hadith.4050 - Ibn Mahbub narrated from Jamil ibn Salih, from Abu Abdullah (as), who said: I asked Imam (as) about a man who found a dinar in his house. Imam (as) said: "Does anyone else enter his house?" I said: "Yes, many people enter." Imam (as) said: "Then it is considered lost property (luqata)." I asked: "What about a man who found a dinar in his locked box?" Imam (as) said: "Does anyone else put their hand into his box or place something in it?" I said: "No." Imam (as) said: "Then it belongs to him."

4051 - وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ رَجَاءٍ اَلْخَيَّاطِ قَالَ : كَتَبْتُ إِلَى اَلطَّيِّبِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ إِنِّي كُنْتُ فِي اَلْمَسْجِدِ اَلْحَرَامِ فَرَأَيْتُ دِينَاراً فَأَهْوَيْتُ إِلَيْهِ لآِخُذَهُ فَإِذَا أَنَا بِآخَرَ ثُمَّ بَحَثْتُ اَلْحَصَى فَإِذَا أَنَا بِثَالِثٍ فَأَخَذْتُهَا فَعَرَّفْتُهَا وَ لَمْ يَعْرِفْهَا أَحَدٌ فَمَا تَرَى فِي ذَلِكَ فَكَتَبَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "إِنِّي قَدْ فَهِمْتُ مَا ذَكَرْتَ مِنْ أَمْرِ اَلدَّنَانِيرِ فَإِنْ كُنْتَ مُحْتَاجاً فَتَصَدَّقْ بِثُلُثِهَا وَ إِنْ كُنْتَ غَنِيّاً فَتَصَدَّقْ بِالْكُلِّ".

Hadith.4051 - Muhammad ibn Isa narrated from Muhammad ibn Raja' al-Khiyyat, who said: I wrote to al-Tayyib Imam Ali ibn Muhammad Al-Hadi (as): "I was in the Sacred Mosque (Masjid al-Haram) and saw a dinar. I reached out to take it, and then I found another one. I searched the pebbles and found a third. I took them and announced them, but no one claimed them. What do you advise regarding this matter?" Imam (as) wrote in reply: "I have understood what you mentioned about the dinars. If you are in need, then give one-third of them in charity. But if you are wealthy, then give all of them in charity."

4052 - وَ رَوَى اَلْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى اَلْجَمَّالِ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ : "مَنْ وَجَدَ ضَالَّةً فَلَمْ يُعَرِّفْهَا ثُمَّ وُجِدَتْ عِنْدَهُ فَإِنَّهَا لِرَبِّهَا وَ مِثْلُهَا مِنْ مَالِ اَلَّذِي كَتَمَهَا ".

Hadith.4052 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Safwan ibn Yahya al-Jammal that he heard Abu Abdullah (as) say: "Whoever finds lost property and does not announce it, then it is later found in his possession, it must be returned to its owner, and he must also pay an equivalent amount from his own wealth for having concealed it."

4053 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي اَلْعَلاَءِ قَالَ : قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ رَجُلٌ وَجَدَ مَالاً فَعَرَّفَهُ حَتَّى إِذَا مَضَتِ اَلسَّنَةُ اِشْتَرَى بِهَا خَادِماً فَجَاءَ طَالِبُ اَلْمَالِ فَوَجَدَ اَلْجَارِيَةَ اَلَّتِي اِشْتَرَاهَا بِالدَّرَاهِمِ هِيَ اِبْنَتُهُ قَالَ "لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ إِلاَّ اَلدَّرَاهِمَ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ اَلاِبْنَةُ إِنَّمَا لَهُ رَأْسُ مَالِهِ إِنَّمَا كَانَتِ اِبْنَتُهُ مَمْلُوكَةَ قَوْمٍ".

Hadith.4053 - It is narrated from Abu al-Ala, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who found some money, announced it for a year, and then used it to buy a servant. Later, the owner of the money came and found that the servant purchased with the money was actually his daughter. Imam (as) said: "He is only entitled to take the money and not the daughter. What he is entitled to is his principal amount, as the daughter was previously the property of others."

4054 - وَ رَوَى أَبُو خَدِيجَةَ سَالِمُ بْنُ مُكْرَمٍ اَلْجَمَّالُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَهُ ذَرِيحٌ : عَنِ اَلْمَمْلُوكِ يَأْخُذُ اَللُّقَطَةَ فَقَالَ "مَا لِلْمَمْلُوكِ وَ اَللُّقَطَةِ اَلْمَمْلُوكُ لاَ يَمْلِكُ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ شَيْئاً فَلاَ يَعْرِضُ لَهَا اَلْمَمْلُوكُ فَإِنَّهُ يَنْبَغِي لِلْحُرِّ أَنْ يُعَرِّفَهَا سَنَةً فِي مَجْمَعٍ فَإِنْ جَاءَ طَالِبُهَا دَفَعَهَا إِلَيْهِ وَ إِلاَّ كَانَتْ مِنْ مَالِهِ فَإِنْ مَاتَ كَانَتْ مِيرَاثاً لِوُلْدِهِ وَ لِمَنْ وَرِثَهُ فَإِنْ جَاءَ طَالِبُهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ دَفَعُوهَا إِلَيْهِ".

Hadith.4054 - Abu Khadijah Salim ibn Mukram al-Jammal narrated from Abu Abdullah (as) that Dharih asked him about a servant who picks up lost property. Imam (as) said: "What does a servant have to do with lost property? A servant does not own anything for himself, so he should not interfere with it. It is proper for a free person to announce it for one year in a public gathering. If its owner comes, he should return it to him. Otherwise, it becomes part of his property. If he dies, it becomes inheritance for his children and those who inherit from him. But if the owner comes after that, they must return it to him."