Book of Livelihood
Chapter on Sales
وَ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي رَجُلٍ اِشْتَرَى دَابَّةً وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ ثَمَنُهَا فَأَتَى رَجُلاً مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فَقَالَ يَا فُلاَنُ اُنْقُدْ عَنِّي وَ اَلرِّبْحُ بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَكَ فَنَقَدَ عَنْهُ فَنَفَقَتِ اَلدَّابَّةُ قَالَ "اَلثَّمَنُ عَلَيْهِمَا لِأَنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ رِبْحٌ كَانَ بَيْنَهُمَا".
Imam (a.s) said regarding a man who bought an animal but did not have its price, so he went to one of his companions and said: "O so-and-so, pay on my behalf, and the profit will be shared between me and you." The companion paid on his behalf, but the animal died. Imam (a.s) said: "The price is upon both of them because if there had been a profit, it would have been shared between them."
وَ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي اَلرَّجُلِ يَبِيعُ اَلْمَمْلُوكَ وَ يَشْتَرِطُ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ لَهُ شَيْئاً قَالَ "يَجُوزُ".
Imam (a.s) said regarding a man who sells a slave and stipulates upon the buyer to give him something: "It is permissible."
وَ رَوَى يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي اَلْعَلاَءِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "مَنْ بَاعَ عَبْداً وَ كَانَ لِلْعَبْدِ مَالٌ فَالْمَالُ لِلْبَائِعِ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ اَلْمُبْتَاعُ أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ بِذَلِكَ".
Yahya ibn Abi Al-'Ala narrated from Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s), who said: "Whoever sells a slave, and the slave has wealth, the wealth belongs to the seller unless the buyer stipulates otherwise. The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) commanded this."
وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ اَلرَّجُلُ يَشْتَرِي اَلْمَمْلُوكَ لِمَنْ مَالُهُ فَقَالَ "إِنْ كَانَ عَلِمَ اَلْبَائِعُ أَنَّ لَهُ مَالاً فَهُوَ لِلْمُشْتَرِي وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلِمَ فَهُوَ لِلْبَائِعِ".
In a narration from Jamil ibn Darraj, from Zurara, he said: "I asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about a man who buys a slave, who does the wealth of the slave belong to?" Imam (a.s) replied: "If the seller knew that the slave had wealth, then it belongs to the buyer. However, if the seller was unaware, then it belongs to the seller."
وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ اَلرَّجُلُ يَشْتَرِي اَلْمَمْلُوكَ وَ مَالَهُ فَقَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ" قُلْتُ فَيَكُونُ مَالُ اَلْمَمْلُوكِ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا اِشْتَرَاهُ بِهِ فَقَالَ "لاَ بَأْسَ".
Zurara narrated: "I said to Abu Abdullah (a.s): A man buys a slave along with his wealth. Imam (a.s) replied: 'There is no harm in it.' I asked: 'What if the wealth of the slave is greater than the price he was purchased for?' Imam (a.s) replied: 'There is no harm in it.'
وَ رَوَى أَبَانٌ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ اَلْفَضْلِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ شِرَاءِ مَمْلُوكِ أَهْلِ اَلذِّمَّةِ فَقَالَ "إِذَا أَقَرُّوا لَهُمْ بِذَلِكَ فَاشْتَرِ وَ اِنْكِحْ".
Aban narrated from Ismail ibn Al-Fadl, who said: "I asked Abu Abdullah (a.s) about purchasing a slave from the People of the Book (Ahl al-Dhimma)." Imam (a.s) replied: "If they acknowledge ownership of the slave, then buy and marry."
وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَشْتَرِي اَلْجَارِيَةَ فَيَقَعُ عَلَيْهَا فَيَجِدُهَا حُبْلَى فَقَالَ "يَرُدُّهَا وَ يَرُدُّ مَعَهَا شَيْئاً".
Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Abdillah narrated from Abu Abdillah (a.s). He said: "I asked Imam (a.s) about a man who buys a bondwoman, then has relations with her, and later discovers that she is pregnant." Imam (a.s) replied: "He must return her and also return something along with her."
وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ اَلْمَلِكِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "يَرُدُّهَا وَ يَرُدُّ نِصْفَ عُشْرِ ثَمَنِهَا إِذَا كَانَتْ حُبْلَى".
In the narration of Abdul-Malik ibn Amr from Abu Abdillah (a.s): "He must return her and also return half a tenth of her price if she is pregnant."
وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: "يَرُدُّهَا وَ يَكْسُوهَا".
In the narration of Muhammad ibn Muslim from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s): "He must return her and provide her with clothing."
وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُيَسِّرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: "كَانَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ لاَ يَرُدُّ اَلْجَارِيَةَ بِعَيْبٍ إِذَا وُطِئَتْ وَ لَكِنْ يَرْجِعُ بِقِيمَةِ اَلْعَيْبِ وَ كَانَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ "مَعَاذَ اَللَّهِ أَنْ أَجْعَلَ لَهَا أَجْراً" ".
Muhammad ibn Maythar narrates from Abu Abdullah (a.s): "Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) would not return a bondwoman due to a defect if she had been intimate, but he would claim compensation for the value of the defect. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s) used to say, 'I seek refuge in Allah (swt) from making her a source of payment.'"
