Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

وأما بعد وفاة النبي صلى الله عليه وآله فإنه: 611 - رُوِيَ عَنْ جُوَيْرِيَةَ بْنِ مُسْهِرٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَقْبَلْنَا مَعَ أَمِيرِ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ مِنْ قَتْلِ اَلْخَوَارِجِ حَتَّى إِذَا قَطَعْنَا فِي أَرْضِ بَابِلَ حَضَرَتْ صَلاَةُ اَلْعَصْرِ فَنَزَلَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ نَزَلَ اَلنَّاسُ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ «أَيُّهَا اَلنَّاسُ إِنَّ هَذِهِ أَرْضٌ مَلْعُونَةٌ قَدْ عُذِّبَتْ فِي اَلدَّهْرِ ثَلاَثَ مَرَّاتٍ» وَ فِي خَبَرٍ آخَرَ «مَرَّتَيْنِ وَ هِيَ تَتَوَقَّعُ اَلثَّالِثَةَ وَ هِيَ إِحْدَى اَلْمُؤْتَفِكَاتِ وَ هِيَ أَوَّلُ أَرْضٍ عُبِدَ فِيهَا وَثَنٌ وَ إِنَّهُ لاَ يَحِلُّ لِنَبِيٍّ وَ لاَ لِوَصِيِّ نَبِيٍّ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ فِيهَا فَمَنْ أَرَادَ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ فَلْيُصَلِّ» فَمَالَ اَلنَّاسُ عَنْ جَنْبَيِ اَلطَّرِيقِ يُصَلُّونَ وَ رَكِبَ هُوَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ بَغْلَةَ رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ وَ مَضَى قَالَ جُوَيْرِيَةُ فَقُلْتُ وَ اَللَّهِ لَأَتَّبِعَنَّ أَمِيرَ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ لَأُقَلِّدَنَّهُ صَلاَتِيَ اَلْيَوْمَ فَمَضَيْتُ خَلْفَهُ فَوَ اَللَّهِ مَا جُزْنَا جِسْرَ سُورَاءَ حَتَّى غَابَتِ اَلشَّمْسُ فَشَكَكْتُ فَالْتَفَتَ إِلَيَّ وَقَالَ «يَا جُوَيْرِيَةُ أَ شَكَكْتَ» فَقُلْتُ نَعَمْ يَا أَمِيرَ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَنَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ نَاحِيَةٍ فَتَوَضَّأَ ثُمَّ قَامَ فَنَطَقَ بِكَلاَمٍ لاَ أُحْسِنُهُ إِلاَّ كَأَنَّهُ بِالْعِبْرَانِيِّ ثُمَّ نَادَى اَلصَّلاَةَ فَنَظَرْتُ وَ اَللَّهِ إِلَى اَلشَّمْسِ قَدْ خَرَجَتْ مِنْ بَيْنِ جَبَلَيْنِ لَهَا صَرِيرٌ فَصَلَّى اَلْعَصْرَ وَ صَلَّيْتُ مَعَهُ فَلَمَّا فَرَغْنَا مِنْ صَلاَتِنَا عَادَ اَللَّيْلُ كَمَا كَانَ فَالْتَفَتَ إِلَيَّ وَقَالَ «يَا جُوَيْرِيَةَ بْنَ مُسْهِرٍ إِنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ: «فَسَبِّحْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ اَلْعَظِيمِ» وَ إِنِّي سَأَلْتُ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِاسْمِهِ اَلْعَظِيمِ فَرَدَّ عَلَيَّ اَلشَّمْسَ. وَ رُوِيَ: أَنَّ جُوَيْرِيَةَ لَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ قَالَ أَنْتَ وَصِيُّ نَبِيٍّ وَ رَبِّ اَلْكَعْبَةِ.

As for after the death of the Prophet: Hadith.611 - It was narrated from Juwayriyah ibn Mus-hir that He said: "We were coming with The Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as), from the battle with the Khawarij. When we reached the land of Babil (Babylon), the time for Asr prayer approached. The Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) dismounted, and the people dismounted as well. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as), said: 'O’ people, this is a cursed land that has been punished three times in the past' (in another version, 'twice, and it is expecting a third punishment'). 'It is one of the overturned lands, and it was the first land where an idol was worshipped. It is not permissible for a prophet or the successor of a prophet to pray in it. Whoever among you wishes to pray may do so.' So, the people moved to the sides of the path to pray, while He (as) mounted the mule of the Messenger of Allah (sw) and continued on. Juwayriyah said: 'I said to myself, "By Allah (swt), I will follow The Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) and will imitate his prayer today." So, I went after him. By Allah (swt), we did not cross the bridge of Surah until the sun had set, and I began to doubt.' He (Ali) turned to me and said: 'Juwayriyah, do you doubt?' I replied: 'Yes, O’ Commander of the Faithful (Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as))‘. He dismounted, performed ablution, stood, and uttered words that I did not understand, as if they were in Hebrew. Then he called for prayer, and I saw, by Allah (swt), the sun emerge from between two mountains, making a sound as it rose. He then prayed the Asr prayer, and I prayed with him. When we finished our prayer, the night returned to how it was. He turned to me and said: 'Juwayriyah ibn Mus-hir, Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, says: "So exalt the name of your Lord (azj), the Most Great" (Qur'an 56:74). I asked Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, by His Greatest Name, and He returned the sun for me.' It is narrated that when Juwayriyah witnessed this, He said: 'By the Lord (azj) of the Kaaba, you are the successor of a prophet.'"

612 - وَقَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ لِلصَّادِقِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ اَلْفَرَائِضِ اَلَّتِي فَرَضَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَى اَلْعِبَادِ مَا هِيَ قَالَ «شَهَادَةُ أَنْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اَللَّهُ وَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ وَ إِقَامُ اَلصَّلَوَاتِ اَلْخَمْسِ وَ إِيتَاءُ اَلزَّكَاةِ وَ حِجُّ اَلْبَيْتِ وَ صِيَامُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ اَلْوَلاَيَةُ فَمَنْ أَقَامَهُنَّ وَ سَدَّدَ وَ قَارَبَ وَ اِجْتَنَبَ كُلَّ مُنْكَرٍ دَخَلَ اَلْجَنَّةَ.

Hadith.612 - Sulayman ibn Khalid said to Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as): "May I be your ransom! Inform me about the obligations that Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, has imposed upon the servants." Imam (as) replied: "Testifying that there is no god but Allah (swt) and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah (sw), establishing the five daily prayers, giving zakat, performing the pilgrimage to the House (Kaaba), fasting during the month of Ramadan, and (accepting) the wilayah (divinely ordained leadership of the Imams). Whoever fulfils these and strives to do good, draws close (to what is right), and avoids all that is forbidden will enter Paradise."

613 - وَ كَانَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّ أَفْضَلَ مَا يَتَوَسَّلُ بِهِ اَلْمُتَوَسِّلُونَ اَلْإِيمَانُ بِاللَّهِ وَ رَسُولِهِ وَ اَلْجِهَادُ فِي سَبِيلِ اَللَّهِ وَ كَلِمَةُ اَلْإِخْلاَصِ فَإِنَّهَا اَلْفِطْرَةُ وَ إِقَامُ اَلصَّلاَةِ فَإِنَّهَا اَلْمِلَّةُ وَ إِيتَاءُ اَلزَّكَاةِ فَإِنَّهَا مِنْ فَرَائِضِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ اَلصَّوْمُ فَإِنَّهُ جُنَّةٌ مِنْ عَذَابِهِ وَ حِجُّ اَلْبَيْتِ فَإِنَّهُ مَنْفَاةٌ لِلْفَقْرِ وَ مَدْحَضَةٌ لِلذَّنْبِ وَ صِلَةُ اَلرَّحِمِ فَإِنَّهَا مَثْرَاةٌ فِي اَلْمَالِ وَ مَنْسَأَةٌ فِي اَلْأَجَلِ وَ صَدَقَةُ اَلسِّرِّ فَإِنَّهَا تُطْفِئُ اَلْخَطِيئَةَ وَ تُطْفِئُ غَضَبَ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ صَنَائِعُ اَلْمَعْرُوفِ فَإِنَّهَا تَدْفَعُ مِيتَةَ اَلسَّوْءِ وَ، تَقِي مَصَارِعَ اَلْهَوَانِ أَلاَ فَاصْدُقُوا، فَإِنَّ اَللَّهَ مَعَ اَلصَّادِقِينَ وَ جَانِبُوا اَلْكَذِبَ فَإِنَّهُ يُجَانِبُ اَلْإِيمَانَ أَلاَ إِنَّ اَلصَّادِقَ عَلَى شَفَا مَنْجَاةٍ وَ كَرَامَةٍ، أَلاَ إِنَّ اَلْكَاذِبَ عَلَى شَفَا مَخْزَاةٍ وَ هَلَكَةٍ أَلاَ وَ قُولُوا خَيْراً تُعْرَفُوا بِهِ وَ اِعْمَلُوا بِهِ تَكُونُوا مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَ أَدُّوا اَلْأَمَانَةَ إِلَى مَنِ اِئْتَمَنَكُمْ وَ صِلُوا أَرْحَامَ مَنْ قَطَعَكُمْ وَ عُودُوا بِالْفَضْلِ عَلَى مَنْ حَرَمَكُمْ.

Hadith.613 - The Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) used to say: "The best means by which those seeking nearness (to Allah (swt)) may draw near are; Faith in Allah (swt) and His Messenger, Striving in the way of Allah (swt), Word of sincerity (testifying that there is no god but Allah (swt)), for it is the natural disposition (fitrah), Establishing prayer for it is the religion, Giving zakat (alms) for it is one of the obligations of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic; fasting, for it is a shield from His punishment, Fasting as it is a shield from His punishment, Pilgrimage to the House (Hajj), for it is a means of dispelling poverty and washing away sins, Maintaining family ties increases wealth and prolongs life, Charity given in secret extinguishes sin and appeases the wrath of Allah (swt) Almighty, Acts of kindness for they repel a bad death and protect against disgraceful situations. So, be truthful, for Allah (swt) is with the truthful. Avoid lying, for it distances one from faith. Know that the truthful one stands on the brink of salvation and honor, while the liar stands on the brink of disgrace and ruin. Say good words so that you are recognized by them, and act upon them so that you may be among the people of virtue. Return trusts to those who have entrusted you, maintain kinship ties even with those who cut them off, and show favour to those who deprive you”.

614 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ مَعْمَرِ بْنِ يَحْيَى قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ: «إِذَا جِئْتَ بِالْخَمْسِ اَلصَّلَوَاتِ لَمْ تُسْأَلْ عَنْ صَلاَةٍ وَ إِذَا جِئْتَ بِصَوْمِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ لَمْ تُسْأَلْ عَنْ صَوْمٍ.

Hadith.614 - It is narrated from Ma'mar ibn Yahya, who said: I heard Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) say: "If you perform the five daily prayers, you will not be questioned about any other prayer, and if you observe the fast of the month of Ramadan, you will not be questioned about any other fasting."

615 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَائِذٍ اَلْأَحْمَسِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ وَ أَنَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَسْأَلَهُ عَنِ اَلصَّلاَةِ فَبَدَأَنِي فَقَالَ «إِذَا لَقِيتَ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِالصَّلَوَاتِ اَلْخَمْسِ لَمْ يَسْأَلْكَ عَمَّا سِوَاهُنَّ.

Hadith.615 - It is narrated from 'Aidh al-Amasi that He said: "I entered upon Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) with the intention of asking him about prayer. Imam (as) began speaking before I could ask and said: 'If you meet Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, with the five daily prayers, He will not ask you about anything else.'".

616 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ مَا بَالُ اَلزَّانِي لاَ تُسَمِّيهِ كَافِراً وَ تَارِكُ اَلصَّلاَةِ تُسَمِّيهِ كَافِراً وَ مَا اَلْحُجَّةُ فِي ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ «لِأَنَّ اَلزَّانِيَ وَ مَا أَشْبَهَهُ إِنَّمَا يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ لِمَكَانِ اَلشَّهْوَةِ لِأَنَّهَا تَغْلِبُهُ وَ تَارِكُ اَلصَّلاَةِ لاَ يَتْرُكُهَا إِلاَّ اِسْتِخْفَافاً بِهَا وَ ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّكَ لاَ تَجِدُ اَلزَّانِيَ يَأْتِي اَلْمَرْأَةَ إِلاَّ وَ هُوَ مُسْتَلِذٌّ لِإِتْيَانِهِ إِيَّاهَا قَاصِداً إِلَيْهَا وَ كُلُّ مَنْ تَرَكَ اَلصَّلاَةَ قَاصِداً لِتَرْكِهَا فَلَيْسَ يَكُونُ قَصْدُهُ لِتَرْكِهَا اَللَّذَّةَ فَإِذَا نُفِيَتِ اَللَّذَّةُ وَقَعَ اَلاِسْتِخْفَافُ وَ إِذَا وَقَعَ اَلاِسْتِخْفَافُ وَقَعَ اَلْكُفْرُ.

Hadith.616 - It is narrated from Mas'adah ibn Sadaqah that He said: "Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) was asked: 'Why do you not call a fornicator (Zani) a disbeliever, but you do call someone who abandons prayer a disbeliever? What is the reasoning behind this?' Imam (as) said: 'The fornicator and others like him commit such acts due to the overpowering influence of desire, which dominates them. However, the one who abandons prayer does so only out of disregard for it. You will not find a fornicator approaching a woman except that he is driven by desire and consciously seeking her out for pleasure. But anyone who deliberately abandons prayer does so intentionally, and not for pleasure. When the aspect of pleasure is removed, it becomes an act of disdain and disregard. When disdain occurs, disbelief (kufr) follows.'".

617 - وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: «لَيْسَ مِنِّي مَنِ اِسْتَخَفَّ بِصَلاَتِهِ لاَ يَرِدُ عَلَيَّ اَلْحَوْضَ لاَ وَ اَللَّهِ لَيْسَ مِنِّي مَنْ شَرِبَ مُسْكِراً لاَ يَرِدُ عَلَيَّ اَلْحَوْضَ لاَ وَ اَللَّهِ.

Hadith.617 - The Messenger of Allah (sw) said: "Whoever takes their prayer lightly is not of me; by Allah (swt), they will not come to my Hawdh (on the Day of Judgment). By Allah (swt), whoever drinks intoxicants is not of me; by Allah (swt), they will not come to my Hawdh (Pond); no, by Allah (swt)."

618 - وَقَالَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «إِنَّ شَفَاعَتَنَا لاَ تَنَالُ مُسْتَخِفّاً بِالصَّلاَةِ.

Hadith.618 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "Indeed, our intercession will not reach one who takes prayer lightly."

619 - وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: «مَنِ اِتَّقَى عَلَى ثَوْبِهِ فِي صَلاَتِهِ فَلَيْسَ لِلَّهِ اِكْتَسَى.

Hadith.619 - The Messenger of Allah (sw) said: "Whoever is overly cautious about his clothing during prayer (focusing excessively on keeping it clean or arranged), is not truly clothing himself for Allah (swt)”.

620 - وَ رَوَى زُرَارَةُ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «فَرَضَ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ اَلصَّلاَةَ وَ سَنَّ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ عَشَرَةَ أَوْجُهٍ صَلاَةَ اَلسَّفَرِ وَ صَلاَةَ اَلْحَضَرِ وَ صَلاَةَ اَلْخَوْفِ عَلَى ثَلاَثَةِ أَوْجُهٍ وَ صَلاَةَ كُسُوفِ اَلشَّمْسِ وَ اَلْقَمَرِ وَ صَلاَةَ اَلْعِيدَيْنِ وَ صَلاَةَ اَلاِسْتِسْقَاءِ وَ اَلصَّلاَةَ عَلَى اَلْمَيِّتِ.

Hadith.620 – Zurarah narrated from Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) that He said: "Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, made prayer obligatory, and the Messenger of Allah (sw) established it in ten forms: the prayer during travel, the prayer while residing, the prayer of fear in three forms, the prayer during the eclipse of the sun and moon, the prayers of the two Eid’s, the prayer for rain (Salat al-Istisqa), and the funeral prayer."