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The Prayer of Fear, Pursuit, Encounter, and Competition
1339 - وَ رَوَى زُرَارَةُ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لَهُ صَلاَةُ اَلْخَوْفِ وَ صَلاَةُ اَلسَّفَرِ تُقْصَرَانِ جَمِيعاً قَالَ «نَعَمْ وَ صَلاَةُ اَلْخَوْفِ أَحَقُّ أَنْ تُقْصَرَ مِنْ صَلاَةِ اَلسَّفَرِ لِأَنَّ فِيهَا خَوْفاً.
Hadith.1339 – Zurarah narrated from Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as):
I asked him about the prayer of fear and the prayer of travel—are both to be shortened?
Imam (as) said: "Yes, and the prayer of fear is more deserving of being shortened than the prayer of travel because it involves fear”.
1340 - وَ سَمِعْتُ شَيْخَنَا مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ اَلْحَسَنِ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ: رُوِّيتُ أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ اَلصَّادِقُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: «وَ إِذٰا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي اَلْأَرْضِ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنٰاحٌ أَنْ تَقْصُرُوا مِنَ اَلصَّلاٰةِ إِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَنْ يَفْتِنَكُمُ اَلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا » فَقَالَ «هَذَا تَقْصِيرُ ثَانٍ وَ هُوَ أَنْ يَرُدَّ اَلرَّجُلُ رَكْعَتَيْنِ إِلَى رَكْعَةٍ.
Hadith.1340 - I heard our teacher, Muhammad ibn al-Hasan, say: It was narrated that Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) was asked about the words of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic:
"And when you travel throughout the land, there is no blame upon you for shortening the prayer, if you fear that those who disbelieve may harm you" (Surah An-Nisa 4:101).
Imam (as) said: "This refers to a second form of shortening, where a man reduces two rak'ahs to one."
1341 - وَ رَوَى عَبْدُ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَنِ اَلصَّادِقِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: فِي صَلاَةِ اَلزَّحْفِ قَالَ «تُكَبِّرُ وَ تُهَلِّلُ يَقُولُ اَللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ: «فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ فَرِجٰالاً أَوْ رُكْبٰاناً ».
Hadith.1341 - Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Abdullah reported from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) regarding the prayer during advancing troops (battle or combat).
Imam (as) said: "You say the takbir (proclaiming 'Allahu Akbar') and tahleel (proclaiming 'La ilaha illAllah (swt)').
Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, says: 'But if you fear [an enemy], then [pray] on foot or while riding' (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:239)”.
1342 - وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ: «إِنْ كُنْتَ فِي أَرْضٍ مَخُوفَةٍ فَخَشِيتَ لِصّاً أَوْ سَبُعاً فَصَلِّ اَلْفَرِيضَةَ وَ أَنْتَ عَلَى دَابَّتِكَ.
Hadith.1342 - It was narrated from Abu Basir that He said:
I heard Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) say,
"If you are in a place of danger and fear a thief or a wild beast, then perform the obligatory prayer while riding your mount."
1343 - وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: «اَلَّذِي يَخَافُ اَللُّصُوصَ يُصَلِّي إِيمَاءً عَلَى دَابَّتِهِ.
Hadith.1343 - In the narration from Zurarah from Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) who said:
"One who fears robbers should perform their prayer by gesturing while on their mount”.
1344 - وَ قَدْ رُخِّصَ فِي صَلاَةِ اَلْخَوْفِ مِنَ اَلسَّبُعِ إِذَا خَشِيَهُ اَلرَّجُلُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ أَنْ يُكَبِّرَ وَ لاَ يُومِئَ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ.
Hadith.1344 - t has been permitted, in the case of the prayer of fear from a wild beast when a person fears for their life, to simply say the takbir (proclaiming "Allahu Akbar") without making gestures.
This was narrated by Muhammad ibn Muslim from one of the Imams (as).
1345 - وَ رَوَى زُرَارَةُ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «اَلَّذِي يَخَافُ اَللُّصُوصَ وَ اَلسَّبُعَ يُصَلِّي صَلاَةَ اَلْمُوَاقَفَةِ إِيمَاءً عَلَى دَابَّتِهِ» قَالَ قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنِ اَلْمُوَاقِفُ عَلَى وُضُوءٍ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ وَ لاَ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى اَلنُّزُولِ قَالَ «يَتَيَمَّمُ مِنْ لِبْدِ دَابَّتِهِ أَوْ سَرْجِهِ أَوْ مَعْرَفَةِ دَابَّتِهِ فَإِنَّ فِيهَا غُبَاراً وَ يُصَلِّي وَ يَجْعَلُ اَلسُّجُودَ أَخْفَضَ مِنَ اَلرُّكُوعِ وَ لاَ يَدُورُ إِلَى اَلْقِبْلَةِ وَ لَكِنْ أَيْنَمَا دَارَتْ دَابَّتُهُ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ يَسْتَقْبِلُ اَلْقِبْلَةَ بِأَوَّلِ تَكْبِيرَةٍ حِينَ يَتَوَجَّهُ.
Hadith.1345 – Zurarah narrated from Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) that He said:
"One who fears robbers or a wild beast should perform the prayer of a stopped traveler using gestures while on their mount."
I (Zurarah) asked: "What if the person does not have wudu (ablution) and cannot dismount? What should they do?"
Imam (as) said: "They should perform tayammum (dry ablution) using the saddlecloth, saddle, or the cover of their mount, as it contains dust, and then pray, making the gesture for prostration lower than that of bowing. They do not need to turn to face the Qiblah; rather, they should face the Qiblah for the initial takbir (opening declaration) and then continue as the mount moves."
1346 - وَ رَوَى عُبَيْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ اَلْحَلَبِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: «صَلاَةُ اَلزَّحْفِ عَلَى اَلظَّهْرِ إِيمَاءٌ بِرَأْسِكَ وَ تَكْبِيرٌ وَ اَلْمُسَايَفَةِ تَكْبِيرٌ بِغَيْرِ إِيمَاءٍ وَ اَلْمُطَارَدَةِ إِيمَاءٌ يُصَلِّي كُلُّ رَجُلٍ عَلَى حِيَالِهِ.
Hadith.1346 - Ubaydullah ibn Ali Al-Halabi reported from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) who said:
"The prayer during advancing combat (al-zahf) is performed on one's back with gestures of the head and the takbir (proclamation of 'Allahu Akbar'). During close fighting (al-musayafa), it involves takbir without gestures. During pursuit (al-mutarada), it is performed with gestures, and each person prays individually as per their situation."
1347 - وَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: «فَاتَ اَلنَّاسَ مَعَ عَلِيٍّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَوْمَ صِفِّينَ صَلاَةُ اَلظُّهْرِ وَ اَلْعَصْرِ وَ اَلْمَغْرِبِ وَ اَلْعِشَاءِ فَأَمَرَهُمْ فَكَبَّرُوا وَ هَلَّلُوا وَ سَبَّحُوا رِجَالاً وَ رُكْبَاناً.
Hadith.1347 - Imam (as) said:
"The people missed the Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib, and Isha prayers with Ali (as) on the day of Siffin. He instructed them to make the takbir (saying 'Allahu Akbar'), tahleel (saying 'La ilaha illAllah (swt)'), and tasbih (glorifying Allah (swt)) while standing and while mounted."
1348 - وَ فِي كِتَابِ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ اَلْمُغِيرَةِ أَنَّ اَلصَّادِقَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: «أَقَلُّ مَا يُجْزِي فِي حَدِّ اَلْمُسَايَفَةِ مِنَ اَلتَّكْبِيرِ تَكْبِيرَتَانِ لِكُلِّ صَلاَةٍ إِلاَّ اَلْمَغْرِبَ فَإِنَّ لَهَا ثَلاَثاً مِنَ اَلتَّكْبِيرِ.
Hadith.1348 - In the book of Abdullah ibn al-Mughira, it is reported that Al-Sadiq (as) said:
"The minimum that suffices for the prayer during close combat (al-musayafa) is two takbirs (proclamations of 'Allahu Akbar') for each prayer, except for the Maghrib prayer, for which there are three takbirs."
