Man Lā Yaḥḍuruh al-Faqīh

وَ رَوَى هِشَامُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ عَنْهُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فِي اَلرَّجُلِ يُصَلِّي اَلصَّلاَةَ وَحْدَهُ ثُمَّ يَجِدُ جَمَاعَةً قَالَ «يُصَلِّي مَعَهُمْ وَ يَجْعَلُهَا اَلْفَرِيضَةَ إِنْ شَاءَ.

Hisham ibn Salim narrated from him (a.s) that He said regarding a man who prays alone and then finds a congregation: "He may pray with them and count it as his obligatory (fardh) prayer if he wishes”.

وَ قَدْ رُوِيَ: «أَنَّهُ يُحْسَبُ لَهُ أَفْضَلُهُمَا وَ أَتَمُّهُمَا.

It has been narrated: "He will be credited with the better and more complete of the two”.

وَ سَأَلَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ أَخَاهُ مُوسَى بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ هَلْ يُصَلِّي بِالْقَوْمِ وَ عَلَيْهِ سَرَاوِيلُ وَ رِدَاءٌ قَالَ «لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ.

Ali ibn Ja'far asked his brother Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (a.s) about a man leading a group in prayer while wearing trousers (sarawil) and a cloak (rida). He (a.s) replied: "There is no harm in it”.

وَ رَوَى زُرَارَةُ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «إِنَّ آخِرَ صَلاَةٍ صَلاَّهَا رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ بِالنَّاسِ فِي ثَوْبٍ وَاحِدٍ قَدْ خَالَفَ بَيْنَ طَرَفَيْهِ أَ لاَ أُرِيكَ اَلثَّوْبَ» قُلْتُ بَلَى قَالَ فَأَخْرَجَ مِلْحَفَةً فَذَرَعْتُهَا وَ كَانَتْ سَبْعَةَ أَذْرُعٍ فِي ثَمَانِيَةِ أَشْبَارٍ.

Zurarah narrated from Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) that He said: "The last prayer that the Messenger of Allah (saws) led the people in was while wearing a single garment, with its ends crossed over one another. Shall I show you the garment?" I said: "Yes." He then brought out a cloak, and I measured it—it was seven cubits by eight hand spans.

وَ سَأَلَ عُمَرُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ: عَنِ اَلرِّوَايَةِ اَلَّتِي يَرْوُونَ أَنَّهُ لاَ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُتَطَوَّعَ فِي وَقْتِ كُلِّ فَرِيضَةٍ مَا حَدُّ هَذَا اَلْوَقْتِ فَقَالَ «إِذَا أَخَذَ اَلْمُقِيمُ فِي اَلْإِقَامَةِ» فَقَالَ لَهُ إِنَّ اَلنَّاسَ يَخْتَلِفُونَ فِي اَلْإِقَامَةِ قَالَ «اَلْمُقِيمُ اَلَّذِي يُصَلَّى مَعَهُ.

Umar ibn Yazid asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) about the narration that states it is not appropriate to perform supererogatory (nafl) prayers at the time of every obligatory (fardh) prayer. He asked: "What is the limit for this time?" He (a.s) replied: "When the person giving the iqamah (call immediately preceding the prayer) begins the iqamah." Umar said: "People differ in the timing of the iqamah." He (a.s) responded: "The one giving the iqamah is the one with whom the prayer is being established”.

وَ سَأَلَهُ حَفْصُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ: إِذَا قَالَ اَلْمُؤَذِّنُ قَدْ قَامَتِ اَلصَّلاَةُ أَ يَقُومُ اَلنَّاسُ عَلَى أَرْجُلِهِمْ أَوْ يَجْلِسُونَ حَتَّى يَجِيءَ إِمَامُهُمْ قَالَ «لاَ بَلْ يَقُومُونَ عَلَى أَرْجُلِهِمْ فَإِنْ جَاءَ إِمَامُهُمْ وَ إِلاَّ فَلْيُؤْخَذْ بِيَدِ رَجُلٍ مِنَ اَلْقَوْمِ فَيُقَدَّمَ.

Hafs ibn Salim asked: "When the muezzin (caller to prayer) says 'The prayer has been established' (during the iqamah), should the people stand up or remain seated until their Imam arrives?" He (a.s) replied: "No, they should stand up. If their Imam arrives, they proceed with him; otherwise, a man from among the congregation should be taken by the hand and brought forward to lead."

وروى زرارة عن أبي جعفر عليه السلام أنه قال: " إذا أقيمت الصلاة حرم الكلام على الامام وأهل المسجد إلا في تقديم إمام.

Zurarah narrated from Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) that He said: "When the prayer has been established (by the iqamah), speaking becomes forbidden for the Imam and the people of the mosque, except in the matter of appointing an Imam”.

وَ رُوِيَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ: أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَؤُمُّ اَلرَّجُلَيْنِ قَالَ «يَتَقَدَّمُهُمَا وَ لاَ يَقُومُ بَيْنَهُمَا» وَ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلَيْنِ يُصَلِّيَانِ جَمَاعَةً قَالَ «نَعَمْ يَجْعَلُهُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ.

It was narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim that he was asked about a man leading two others in prayer. Imam (a.s) said: "He should stand in front of them and not between them." And regarding two men praying together in congregation, Imam (a.s) said: "Yes, he (the one leading) should have the other stand on his right”.

قَالَ وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ: «أَقِيمُوا صُفُوفَكُمْ فَإِنِّي أَرَاكُمْ مِنْ خَلْفِي كَمَا أَرَاكُمْ مِنْ قُدَّامِي وَ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيَّ وَ لاَ تُخَالِفُوا فَيُخَالِفَ اَللَّهُ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِكُمْ.

The Messenger of Allah (saws) said: "Straighten your rows, for I see you from behind me just as I see you from in front of me and from before me. Do not differ, lest Allah (swt) cause discord among your hearts."

وَقَالَ أَبُو اَلْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِمَا اَلسَّلاَمُ: «إِنَّ اَلصَّلاَةَ فِي اَلصَّفِّ اَلْأَوَّلِ كَالْجِهَادِ فِي سَبِيلِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.

Abu Al-Hasan Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (a.s) said: "Praying in the first row is like striving (jihad) in the way of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic."