Maʿānī al-ʾAkhbār

حدثنا أحمد بن الحسن القطان، قال: حدثنا أحمد بن يحيى بن زكريا القطان، قال: حدثنا بكر بن عبد الله بن حبيب، قال: حدثنا تميم بن بهلول، عن أبيه، عن عبد الله بن الفضل الهاشمي، قال سألت أبا عبد الله عليه السلام عن معنى التسليم في الصلاة فقال: التسليم علامة الامن وتحليل الصلاة، قلت: وكيف ذلك جعلت فداك؟ قال: كان الناس فيما مضى إذا سلم عليهم وارد أمنوا شره، وكانوا إذا ردوا عليه أمن شرهم، فإن لم يسلم لم يأمنوه، وإن لم يردوا على المسلم لم يأمنهم، وذلك خلق في العرب فجعل التسليم علامة للخروج من الصلاة، وتحليلا للكلام، وأمنا من أن يدخل في الصلاة ما يفسدها. والسلام اسم من أسماء الله عز وجل وهو واقع من المصلي على ملكي الله الموكلين به.

1. We were told by Ahmad bin Hasan al-Qattan, that he said: We were told by Ahmad bin Yahya bin Zakariya al-Qattan, that he said: We were told by Bikr bin Abdullah bin Habib, that he said: We were told by Tamim bin Buhloul, from his father, from Abdullah ibn Fadl al-Hashimi, that he said: I asked Abu Abdillah, peace be upon him, about the meaning of the sending of peace during prayer, to which he said: The sending of peace is a sign of safety and a dissolution of the prayer. I said: And how is that, may I be sacrificed for you? He said: People used to, in the past, when an arriving person would send peace upon him, they were safe from his evil, and when they would respond to him, he was safe from their evil, and if he would not send peace, they were not safe from him, and if they would not respond to the sender of peace, he was not safe from them. That is a tradition among the Arabs, and so the sending of peace was made a sign of leaving the (state of) prayer and (a declaration of) allowability to speak and a (shield of) safety from there to enter into the prayer that which invalidates it. Moreover, the Peace is a Name from the Names of Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He, and it is performed by the praying person upon the Two Angels of Allah that have been appointed with him.

حدثنا أبو الحسن أحمد بن محمد بن الصقر الصائغ، قال: حدثنا موسى بن إسحاق القاضي، قال: حدثنا أبو بكر بن أبي شيبة، قال: حدثنا جرير بن عبد الحميد عن عبد العزيز بن رفيع، عن أبي ظبيان، عن ابن عباس أنه قال: دار السلام الجنة، و أهلها لهم السلامة من جميع الآفات والعاهات والأمراض والأسقام، ولهم السلامة من الهرم والموت وتغير الأحوال عليهم، وهم المكرمون الذين لا يهانون أبدا، وهم الأعزاء الذين لا يذلون أبدا، وهم الأغنياء الذين لا يفتقرون أبدا، وهم السعداء الذين لا يشقون أبدا، وهم الفرحون المستبشرون الذين لا يغتمون ولا يهتمون أبدا، وهم الاحياء الذين لا يموتون أبدا، فهم في قصور الدر والمرجان أبوابها مشرعة إلى عرش الرحمن، " والملائكة يدخلون عليهم من كل باب سلام عليكم بما صبرتم فنعم عقبى الدار ".

1. We were told by Abu’l-Hasan, Ahmad bin Muhammed bin Saqr, the Goldsmith, that he said: We were told by Musa bin Ishaq al-Qadhi, that he said: We were told by Abu Bakr bin Abi Shayba, that he said: We were told by Jarir bin Abdil-Hamid, from Abdul-Aziz bin Rafee’, from Abu Dhibyan, from Ibn Abbas, that he said: The Home of Peace is Paradise, and its people have safety from all plagues, blemishes, illnesses and sicknesses, and they have safety from aging, death and the changing of circumstances upon them. They are the dignified who will never be insulted, and they are the honored who will never be humiliated, and they are the rich who will never become poor, and they are rejoicing who will never become miserable, and they are the happy, the cheering, who will never be distressed or concerned, and they are the living who will never die. Hence, they are in palaces of gems and corals whose doors give path to the Throne of the Merciful to all. «The Angels will enter upon them from every door (saying): Peace be upon you for what you were patient. Thus, excellent is the final home (of yours).» (13:23-24)

حدثنا علي بن عبد الله الوراق، قال: حدثنا سعد بن عبد الله، قال: حدثنا العباس بن سعيد الأزرق - وكان من العامة - قال: حدثنا عبد الرحمن بن صالح، قال: حدثنا شريك بن عبد الله، عن العلاء بن عبد الكريم، قال: سمعت أبا جعفر عليه السلام يقول في قول الله عز وجل: " والله يدعوا إلى دار السلام " فقال: إن السلام هو الله عز وجل، و داره التي خلقها لأوليائه الجنة.

2. We were told by Ali bin Abdullah al-Warraq, that he said: We were told by Sa’d bin Abdullah, that he said: We were told by Abbas bin Sa’eed al-Azraq – and he was from the ‘Aamma [1] – that he said: We were told by Abdul-Rahman bin Saleh, that he said: We were told by Shareek bin Abdullah, from ‘Alaa’ bin Abdil-Karim, that he said: I heard Abu Ja’far, peace be upon him, say with regards to the saying of Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He: «And Allah calls for the Home of Peace» (10:25) to which he said: Indeed, the Peace is Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He, and His Home that He created for His allies is Paradise.

حدثنا أحمد بن محمد بن يحيى العطار - رضي الله عنه - قال: حدثنا أبي، عن محمد بن أحمد بن يحيى بن عمران الأشعري، قال: حدثني أبو عبد الله الرازي - واسمه عبد الله بن أحمد - عن سجادة - واسمه الحسن بن علي بن أبي عثمان، واسم أبي عثمان حبيب -، عن محمد بن أبي حمزة، عن محمد بن وهب، عن أبي عبد الله الصادق جعفر بن محمد عليهما السلام قال: تبع حكيم حكيما سبع مائة فرسخ في سبع كلمات، فلما لحق به قال له: يا هذا ما أرفع من السماء، وأوسع من الأرض، وأغنى من البحر، وأقسى من الحجر، وأشد حرارة من النار، وأشد بردا من الزمهرير، وأثقل من الجبال الراسيات؟ فقال له: يا هذا إن الحق أرفع من السماء، والعدل أوسع من الأرض، وغنى النفس أغنى من البحر، وقلب الكافر أقسى من الحجر، والحريص الجشع أشد حرارة من النار، واليأس من روح الله عز وجل أشد بردا من الزمهرير، والبهتان على البريئ أثقل من الجبال الراسيات.

1. We were told by Ahmad bin Muhammed bin Yahya al-‘Attar, may Allah be pleased with him, that he said: We were told by my father, from Muhammed bin Ahmad bin Yahya bin Imran al-Ash’ari, that he said: I was told by Abu Abdillah al-Razi – and his name is Abdullah bin Ahmad – from Sajjada – and his name is Hasan bin Ali bin Abi Uthman, and the name of Abu Uthman is Habib – from Muhammed bin Abi Hamza, from Muhammed bin Wahb, from Abu Abdillah al-Sadiq, Ja’far bin Muhammed, peace be upon them both, that he said: A wise man followed another wise man for seven hundred farsakhs [1] in seven words, and when he reached him, he said to him: O you, what is higher than the sky, wider than the earth, richer than the ocean, harder than stone, of more intense heat than fire, of more intense coldness than severe frost and heavier than immovable mountains? So he said to him: O you, indeed, the truth is higher than the sky; justice is wider than the earth; the soul’s sufficiency is richer than the ocean; the heart of the disbeliever is harder than stone; the desirous, the greedy, is of more intense heat than fire; the despair from the mercy of Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He, is of more intense coldness than severe frost; and slander against the innocent is heavier than immovable mountains.

حدثنا أبو الحسن محمد بن أحمد بن أسد الأسدي، قال: حدثنا عثمان بن عمر [ابن] أبي غيلان الثقفي، وعيسى بن سليمان بن عبد الملك القرشي، قالا: حدثنا أبو إبراهيم الترجماني [قال: حدثنا سعد بن سعيد الجرجاني] قال: حدثنا نهشل بن سعيد ، عن الضحاك، عن ابن عباس، قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله: أشراف أمتي حملة القرآن و أصحاب الليل.

1. We were told by Abu’l-Hasan, Muhammed bin Ahmad bin Asad al-Asadi, that he said: We were told by Uthman bin Umar ibn Abi Ghailan al-Thaqafi, and Isa bin Sulayman bin Abdil-Malik al-Qurashi, that they both said: We were told by Abu Ibrahim al-Turjumani, that he said: We were told by Sa’d bin Sa’eed al-Jarjani, that he said: We were told by Nahshal bin Sa’eed, from Dahhak, from Ibn Abbas, that he said: The Messenger of Allah, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family, said: The nobles of my nation are the carriers of the Qur’an and the people of the night.

حدثنا أبو الحسن محمد بن أحمد بن أسد الأسدي، قال: حدثنا محمد بن جرير، و الحسن بن عروة، وعبد الله بن محمد الوهبي ، قالوا: حدثنا محمد بن حميد، قال: حدثنا زافر بن سليمان، قال: حدثنا محمد بن عيينة، عن أبي حازم، عن سهل بن سعد، قال: جاء جبرئيل عليه السلام إلى النبي صلى الله عليه وآله فقال: يا محمد عش ما شئت فإنك ميت، وأحبب ما شئت فإنك مفارقه، واعمل ما شئت فإنك مجزي به. واعلم أن شرف الرجل قيامه بالليل وعزه استغناؤه عن الناس.

2. We were told by Abu’l-Hasan, Muhammed bin Ahmad bin Asad al-Asadi, that he said: We were told by Muhammed bin Jarir, and Hasan bin ‘Urwa, and Abdullah bin Muhammed al-Wahbi, that they said: We were told by Muhammed bin Hameed, that he said: We were told by Zafir bin Sulayman, that he said: We were told by Muhammed bin ‘Uyayna, from Abu Hazem, from Sahl bin Sa’eed, that he said: Jibra’eel, peace be upon him, came to the Prophet, Allah’s blessings be upon him and his Family, and said: O Muhammed, live however you want, for indeed, you are to die, and love what you want, for indeed, you are to separate from it, and do what you want, for indeed, you are to be rewarded for it. Moreover, know that the honor of a man is his standing during the night, and his honor is his sufficiency from people.

حدثنا أبو الحسن محمد بن عمرو بن علي البصري، قال: حدثنا أبو عبد الله عبد السلام ابن محمد بن هارون الهاشمي، قال: حدثنا محمد بن [محمد بن] عقبة الشيباني، قال: حدثنا أبو القاسم الخضر بن أبان، عن أبي هدية إبراهيم بن هدية البصري، عن أنس بن مالك قال: أتى أبو ذر يوما إلى مسجد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله فقال: ما رأيت كما رأيت البارحة. قالوا: وما رأيت البارحة؟ قال: رأيت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم ببابه فخرج ليلا فأخذ بيد علي بن أبي طالب عليه السلام وخرجا إلى البقيع فما زلت أقفو أثرهما إلى أن أتيا مقابر مكة فعدل إلى قبر أبيه فصلى عنده ركعتين فإذا بالقبر قد انشق وإذا بعبد الله جالس وهو يقول: " أنا أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله، وأن محمدا عبده ورسوله ". فقال له: من وليك يا أبة؟ فقال: وما الولي بابني؟ فقال: هو هذا علي. فقال: وأن عليا وليي. قال: فارجع إلى روضتك. ثم عدل إلى قبر أمه آمنة فصنع كما صنع عند قبر أبيه فإذا بالقبر قد انشق وإذا هي تقول: " أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله، وأنك نبي الله ورسوله ". فقال لها: من وليك يا أماه؟ فقالت: وما الولاية يا بني؟ قال: هو هذا علي بن أبي طالب. فقالت: وأن عليا وليي. فقال: ارجعي إلى حفرتك وروضتك. فكذبوه ولببوه وقالوا: يا رسول الله كذب عليك اليوم. فقال: وما كان من ذلك؟ قالوا إن جندب حكى عنك كيت وكيت، فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وآله: ما أظلت الخضراء ولا أقلت الغبراء على ذي لهجة أصدق من أبي ذر. قال عبد السلام بن محمد: فعرضت هذا الخبر على الجهمي محمد بن عبد الأعلى فقال: أما علمت أن النبي صلى الله عليه وآله قال: أتاني جبرئيل عليه السلام فقال: إن الله عز وجل حرم النار على ظهر أنزلك، وبطن حملك، وثدي أرضعك، وحجر كفلك؟

1. We were told by Abu’l-Hasan, Muhammed bin ‘Amru bin Ali Al-Basri, that he said: We were told by Abu Abdillah, Abdul-Salam ibn Muhammed bin Harun al-Hashimi, that he said: We were told by Muhammed bin Muhammed bin ‘Aqaba al-Shaybani, that he said: We were told by Abu’l-Qasem, Khidr bin Aban, from Abu Hadiya, Ibrahim bin Hadiya al-Basri, from Anas bin Malik, that he said: Abu Dharr came one day to the Mosque of Allah’s Messenger (sw) and said: I did not see like I saw yesterday. They said: And what did you see yesterday? He said: I saw the Messenger of Allah (sw) at its door, and then he went out and took by the hand of Ali bin Abi Talib (AS) and they went out to Baqee’. <br>I kept tracing their tracks until they came to the graves of (the people of) Mecca, and then he turned to the grave of his father and prayer two rak’a next to it, and suddenly, the grave split open, and suddenly, Abdullah was sitting whilst saying: «I testify that there is no god but Allah, and that Muhammed is His servant and Messenger». Then he said to him: Who is your Leader, O father? So he said: What is the Leader, O my son? So he said: This is him, Ali. Then he said: «And that Ali is my Leader». He said: Then return to your garden. Then he turned to the grave of his mother, Amina, and he did what he did at the grave of his father, and suddenly, the grave had split open, and it was her, saying: «I testify that there is no god but Allah, and that you are the Prophet of Allah and His Messenger». Then he said to her: Who is your Leader, O mother? So she said: What is the Divine Authority, O my son? He said: It is him, Ali bin Abi Talib. So she said: «And that Ali is my Leader». Then he said: Return to your hole and garden. <br>Then they [1] rejected him [2], grabbed hold of him, pulled him and said: O Messenger of Allah, he has lied about you today! Then he said: And what was of that? They said: Indeed, Jundub [3] has spoken about you such-and-such! Then the Prophet (sw) said: The sky has not shadowed upon, nor has the earth carried, anyone with a tongue more truthful than Abu Dharr. Abdul-Salam bin Muhammed said: Then I presented this report upon al-Jahmi, Muhammed bin Abdil-A’la, and he said: Did you not know that the Prophet (sw) said: «Jibra’eel (AS) came to me and said: Indeed, Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He, forbade the Fire for the loins from which you descended, womb that carried you, breast that breastfed you and home that cared for you»?

حدثنا أبي - رضي الله عنه - قال: حدثنا محمد بن يحيى العطار، عن محمد بن أحمد بن يحيى بن عمران الأشعري، عن حمدان بن سليمان، عن أيوب بن نوح، عن إسماعيل الفراء، عن رجل، قال: قلت لأبي عبد الله عليه السلام: أليس قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله في أبي ذر - رحمة الله عليه -: " ما أظلت الخضراء ولا أقلت الغبراء على ذي لهجة أصدق من أبي ذر "؟ قال: بلى. قال: قلت: فأين رسول الله وأمير المؤمنين؟ وأين الحسن والحسين؟ قال: فقال لي: كم السنة شهرا؟ قال: قلت: اثنا عشر شهرا، قال: كم منهما حرم؟ قال: قلت: أربعة أشهر. قال: فشهر رمضان منها؟ قال: قلت: لا، قال: إن في شهر رمضان ليلة أفضل من ألف شهر، إنا أهل بيت لا يقاس بنا أحد.

2. We were told by my father (ra) that he said: We were told by Muhammed bin Yahya al-‘Attar, from Muhammed bin Ahmad bin Yahya bin Imran al-Ash’ari, from Hamdan bin Sulayman, from Ayyub bin Nuh, from Isma’eel al-Farra’, from a man that said: I said to Abu 'Abdillah (al-Sadiq) (as): Did Rasulullah (sw) not say with regards to Abu Dharr (ra): «The sky has not shadowed upon nor has the earth carried anyone with a tongue more truthful than Abu Dharr»? He said: "Yes." (The man) asked: "Then what about Rasulullah (sw) and Amir al-Mu'minin (as)? And what about al-Hasan (as) and al-Hussain (as)?". He (the Imam) said: "How many months are there in a year?". I said: "Twelve months." He said: "How many of them are sacred?". I said: "Four months." He said: "Is the month of Ramadan among them?". I said: "No." He said: "Indeed, in the month of Ramadan there is a night that is better than a thousand months. Indeed, we are a Household to whom none is compared with."

حدثنا أبي - رضي الله عنه - قال: حدثنا سعد بن عبد الله، قال: حدثنا محمد بن الحسين، قال: حدثني أبو حفص محمد بن خالد، عن أخيه سفيان بن خالد، قال: قال أبو عبد الله عليه السلام: يا سفيان إياك والرئاسة، فما طلبها أحد إلا هلك. فقلت له: جعلت فداك، قد هلكنا إذ ليس أحد منا إلا وهو يحب أن يذكر ويقصد ويؤخذ عنه! فقال: ليس حيث تذهب إليه، إنما ذلك أن تنصب رجلا دون الحجة فتصدقه في كل ما قال و تدعوا الناس إلى قوله.

1. We were told by my father, may Allah be pleased with him, that he said: We were told by Sa’d bin Abdullah, that he said: We were told by Muhammed bin Hussain, that he said: I was told by Abu Hafs, Muhammed bin Khalid, from his brother, Sufyan bin Khalid, that he said: Abu Abdillah, peace be upon him, said: O Sufyan, beware from rulership, for none have sought except that he has perished. Then I said to him: May I be sacrificed for you, then certainly, we are to perish, as there is none of us except that he likes to be mentioned, sought and taken from. Then he said: It is not as you think towards. That is only that you assign a man (as a leader), besides the Proof, by which you believe him in everything he says and you call people to what he says.

حدثنا عبد الواحد بن محمد بن عبدوس - رحمه الله - قال: حدثنا علي بن محمد بن قتيبة النيسابوري، عن حمدان بن سليمان، عن عبد السلام بن صالح الهروي، قال: سمعت أبا الحسن الرضا عليه السلام يقول: رحم الله عبدا أحيا أمرنا. فقلت له: فكيف يحيي أمركم قال: يتعلم علومنا ويعلمها الناس فإن الناس لو علموا محاسن كلامنا لاتبعونا. قال: فقلت له: يا ابن رسول الله فقد روي لنا عن أبي عبد الله عليه السلام أنه قال: " من تعلم علما ليماري به السفهاء أو يباهي به العلماء أو ليقبل بوجوه الناس إليه فهو في النار " فقال عليه السلام: صدق جدي، أفتدري من السفهاء؟ فقلت: لا، يا ابن رسول الله. فقال: هم قصاص من مخالفينا، وتدري من العلماء؟ فقلت: لا، يا ابن رسول الله. قال: فقال: هم علماء آل محمد عليهم السلام الذين فرض الله عز وجل طاعتهم وأوجب مودتهم، ثم قال: أتدري ما معنى قوله: " أو ليقبل بوجوه الناس إليه "؟ قلت: لا. قال: يعني بذلك والله ادعاء الإمامة بغير حقها ومن فعل ذلك فهو في النار.

1. We were told by Abdul-Wahid bin Muhammed bin ‘Abdous, may Allah grant him mercy, that he said: We were told by Ali bin Muhammed bin Qutayba al-Naisabouri, from Hamdan bin Sulayman, from Abdul-Salam bin Saleh al-Harawi, that he said: I heard Abu’l-Hasan al-Rida, peace be upon him, say: May Allah have mercy upon a servant who revives our cause. Then I said to him: So how would he revive your cause? He said: By him learning our sciences and teaching it to the people, for indeed, if the people were to know the beauties of our speech, they would have followed us. He said: Then I said to him: O son of Allah’s Messenger, it has been narrated to us of Abu Abdillah, peace be upon him, that he said: «The one who learns (some) knowledge that he might use it to quarrel with fools, boast with it before scholars or draw the faces of people towards himself, then he is in the Fire of Hell». So he, peace be upon him, said: My grandfather spoke true, so do you know who the fools are? So I said: No, O son of Allah’s Messenger. He said: Then he said: They are storytellers from our opponents, and do you know who the scholars are? So I said: No, O son of Allah’s Messenger. He said: Then he said: They are the Scholars from the Family of Muhammed, peace be upon them, whom Allah, Exalted and Glorious is He, imposed obedience to and obliged affection to. Then he said: Do you know what is the meaning of his saying: « or draw the faces of people towards himself»? I said: No. He said: He means with that, by Allah, the claiming of Imamate without its right; the one who does that, he is in the Fire of Hell.