Kitāb al-Zuhd

ابن أبي عمير عن أبي أيوب عن أبي عبيدة قال: قلت لأبي جعفر عليه السلام جعلت فداك حدثني بما انتفع به فقال: يا أبا عبيدة أكثر ذكر الموت فما أكثر ذكر الموت انسان الأزهد في الدنيا.

3.Ibn Abī ʿUmayr narrated from Abū Ayyūb, from Abū ʿUbaydah who said, “I said to Abū Jaʿfar (a), ‘May I be your ransom! Inform me of something that I may benefit from.’ So he said, ‘O Abā ʿUbaydah, remember death often, for a person does not remember death often but that he detaches himself from the [yearnings of the material] world.’”

علي بن النعمان عن ابن مسكان عن داود بن أبي يزيد عن أبي شيبة الزهري عن أبي جعفر عليه السلام قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله الموت الموت جاء الموت بما فيه جاء بالروح والراحة والكرة المباركة إلى جنة عالية لأهل دار الخلود الذين كان لها سعيهم وفيها رغبتهم وجاء الموت بما فيه جاء بالشقوة والندامة والكرة الخاسرة إلى نار حامية لأهل دار الغرور الذين كان لها سعيهم وفيها رغبتهم وقال عليه السلام: إذا استحقت ولاية الشيطان والشقاوة جاء الأمل بين العينين وذهب الاجل وراء الظهر، قال: وقال: سئل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله: أي المؤمنين أكيس؟ قال: أكثرهم ذكرا للموت وأشدهم له استعدادا.

4.Alī ibn al-Nuʿmān narrated from Ibn Muskān, from Dāwūd ibn Abī Yazīd, from Abū Shaybah al-Zuhrī, from Abū Jaʿfar (a) who said, “The Messenger of Allah (ṣ) said, ‘Death! Death! Death comes with whatever is in it; it brings comfort and ease, and a blessed return to the lofty heavens for the people of the eternal abode – those who had struggled for it and yearned for it. And death comes with whatever is in it; it brings wretchedness and regret, and a return of [great] loss to a scorching fire for the people of the abode of delusion – those who strived for it and yearned for it.’” And he (a) said, “When the guardianship of Satan and wretchedness is deserved, aspiration comes in front of the eyes and [remembrance of] death goes behind the back.” He [also] said, 'The Messenger of Allah (ṣ) was asked, ‘Who among the believers are cleverer?’ He said, ‘Those among them who remember death more often and make more intense preparations for it.’”

حماد بن عيسى عن حسين بن المختار رفعه إلى سلمان الفارسي رضي الله عنه أنه قال: لولا السجود لله ومجالسة قوم يتلفظون طيب الكلام كما يتلفظ طيب التمر لتمنيت الموت.

5.Ḥammād ibn ʿĪsā narrated from Ḥusayn ibn al-Mukhtār who attributed it to Salmān al-Fārsī, may Allah be pleased with him, that he said, “Were it not for prostration before Allah and the gatherings of the [pious ones among the] people who [choose to] utter virtuous words, just as the best dates are plucked [and harvested], I would have wished for death.”

النضر بن سويد عن عبد الله ابن سنان عمن سمع أبا جعفر عليه السلام يقول: لما حضر الحسن بن علي عليهما السلام الوفاة بكى فقيل له: يا بن بنت رسول الله تبكى ومكانك من رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله مكانك الذي أنت به وقد قال فيك رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله ما قال وقد حججت عشرين حجة راكبا وعشرين حجة ماشيا وقد قاسمت ربك مالك ثلاث مرات حتى النعل فقال عليه السلام إنما ابكى لخصلتين: هول المطلع وفراق الأحبة.

6.Al-Naḍr ibn Suwayd narrated from ʿAbdullāh ibn Sinān, from someone who heard Abā Jaʿfar (a) say, “When al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī (a) was on his deathbed, he cried, so someone asked him, ‘O son of the daughter of Allah’s Messenger, you are crying despite having the position that you have next to the Messenger of Allah (ṣ)? And despite what the Messenger of Allah (ṣ) has said regarding you? And despite your having gone for pilgrimage twenty times riding and twenty times on foot? And despite having given away all your possessions for the sake of Allah thrice, even your sandals?’ He (a) replied, ‘I am only weeping for two things: the terror of what is to come [in the grave and Hereafter] and separation from loved ones.’”

ابن أبي عمير عن هشام بن سالم عن أبي عبد الله عليه السلام قال: جاء جبرئيل عليه السلام إلى النبي صلى الله عليه وآله فقال: يا محمد عش ما شئت فإنك ميت واحبب من شئت فإنك مفارقة واعمل ما شئت فإنك مجزى به وافعل (واعمل) ما شئت فإنك ملاقيه، قال ابن أبي عمير: زاد فيه ابن سنان يا محمد شرف المؤمن صلاته بالليل وعزه كفه الأذى عن الناس.

7.Ibn Abī ʿUmayr narrated from Hishām ibn Sālim, from Abū ʿAbdillāh (a) who said, “Jibraʾīl (a) came to the Prophet (ṣ) and said, ‘O Muḥammad, live as you like for you will indeed die, love whomever you want for you will indeed separate, do whatever you wish for you will indeed be requited therefor, and act however you wish for you will surely meet it [in the Hereafter].’” Ibn Abī ʿUmayr said, “Ibn Sinān added [one more phrase] to it, ‘O Muḥammad, the honor of a believer is [in] his prayer in the night, and his esteem is [in] his refraining from harming the people.’”

محمد بن الحضرمي (الحسين) (الحصين) عن محمد بن الفضيل عن عبد الرحمن بن زيد (يزيد) عن أبي عبد الله عليه السلام عن أبيه عن جده عن النبي صلى الله عليه وآله قال: مات داود النبي صلى الله يوم السبت مفجوءا فاظلته الطير بأجنحتها ومات موسى كليم الله في التيه فصاح صائح من السماء، مات موسى وأي نفس لا تموت.

8.Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥaḍramī [al-Ḥuṣayn] narrated from Muḥammad ibn al-Fuḍayl, from ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Zayd [Yazīd], from Abū ʿAbdillāh (a), from his father, from his grandfather, from the Prophet (ṣ) who said, “Prophet Dāwūd died suddenly on a Saturday, so the birds shaded him with their wings. Mūsā, the interlocutor of Allah, died in the wilderness, so a caller cried out from the sky, ‘Mūsā has died! And which soul does not die!’”

فضالة عن أبي المغرا قال: حدثني يعقوب الأحمر قال: دخلت على أبى عبد الله عليه السلام أعزيه بإسماعيل فترحم عليه ثم قال: إن الله عزى نبيه (صلى الله عليه وسلم بنفسه فقال: (انك ميت وانهم ميتون) وقال: (كل نفس ذائقة الموت) ثم انشاء يحدث فقال: انه يموت أهل الأرض حتى لا يبقى أحد ثم يموت أهل السماء حتى لا يبقى أحد الا ملك الموت وحملة العرش وجبرئيل وميكائيل ثم يجئ ملك الموت حتى يقف بين يدي الله عز وجل فيقال له: من بقي - وهو أعلم - فيقول: يا رب لم يبق الا ملك الموت وحملة العرش وجبرئيل وميكائيل فيقال: قل لجبرئيل وميكائيل: فليموتا فيقول الملائكة عند ذلك: يا رب رسولاك وأميناك فيقول: انى قد قضيت على كل نفس فيها الروح ان تموت ثم يجيئ ملك الموت حتى يقف بين يدي الله عز وجل فيقال له: من بقي؟ - وهو اعلم - فيقول: يا رب لم يبق الا ملك الموت وحملة العرش فيقال له: قل لحملة العرش: فليموتوا ثم يجئ ملك الموت لا يرفع طرفه فيقال له: من بقي؟ فيقول: يا رب لم يبق غير ملك الموت فيقول له: مت يا ملك الموت فيموت ثم يأخذ الأرض بشماله والسماوات بيمينه فيهزهن هزا مرات ثم يقول: أين الذين كانوا يدعون معي شركاء؟ أين الذين كانوا يجعلون معي الها آخر؟

9.Faḍālah ibn Abī al-Maghrāʾ said, “Yaʿqūb al-Aḥmar narrated to me saying, ‘I went to visit Abā ʿAbdillāh (a) in order to console him for [the death of] Ismāʿīl, so he invoked [divine] mercy upon him and then said, “Verily Allah consoled His Prophet (ṣ) Himself and said: Verily you shall die, and they will [all] die [too] (Q39:30). And He said: Every soul will taste death (Q3:195).” Then he began speaking [about the subject of death] and said, “Indeed, all the inhabitants of the earth shall die until no one remains. Then the inhabitants of the heavens will die until no one remains except the Angel of Death, the bearers of the [Divine] Throne, Jibraʾīl, and Mīkāʾīl. Then the Angel of Death will come and stand before Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, so he will be asked, ‘Who has remained?’ while He [already] knows better. He will reply, ‘O Lord, no one remains except the Angel of Death, the bearers of the [Divine] Throne, Jibraʾīl,and Mīkāʾīl.’ He will be told, ‘Command Jibraʾīl and Mīkāʾīl so that they both die.’ So the angels [who remain] will say, ‘O Lord, they are Your messengers and Your most trusted ones!’ He will say, ‘I have decreed for every living soul that it must die.’ Then the Angel of Death will come and stand before Allah, the Almighty, so he will be asked, ‘Who has remained?’ while He [already] knows better. He will reply, ‘O Lord, no one remains except the Angel of Death and the bearers of the [Divine] Throne. He will be told, ‘Command the bearers of the [Divine] Throne so that they may die.’ Then [having done that] the Angel of Death will come with his gaze lowered. He will be asked, ‘Who has remained?’ So he will say, ‘O Lord, no one remains except the Angel of Death.’ So He shall say to him, ‘Die, O Angel of Death!’ The Angel of Death will thus die. Then He will take the earth in His left hand and the heavens in His right hand, shaking them severely many times. Then He will say, ‘Where are those who used to invoke [others as] associates with Me? Where are those who had placed with Me another deity?’”

فضالة عن إسماعيل بن أبي زياد عن أبي عبد الله عليه السلام عن أبيه عليه السلام قال: قال علي عليه السلام ما انزل الموت حق منزلته من عد غدا من أجله وقال علي عليه السلام ما أطال عبد الأمل الا أساء العمل وكان يقول: لو رأى العبد أجله وسرعته إليه لا بغض الأمل وطلب الدنيا.

10.Faḍālah narrated from Ismāʿīl ibn Abī Ziyād, from Abū ʿAbdillāh (a), from his father (a) who said, “ʿAlī (a) said, ‘He who counts his morrow as part of his lifetime has not given death its due status!’ ʿAlī (a) also said, ‘A servant does not lengthen his [worldly] aspiration but that he ends up doing evil deeds [to achieve his goal].’ And he used to say, ‘If the servant were to see his death and how quickly it is approaching him, he would have loathed [worldly] aspiration and seeking the world.’”

فضالة عن إسماعيل عن أبي عبد الله عليه السلام قال: كان عيسى بن مريم عليه السلام يقول: هو لا تدرى متى يلقاك ما يمنعك أن تستعد له قبل أن يفجأك؟

11.Faḍālah narrated from Ismāʿīl, from Abū ʿAbdillāh (a) who said,“ʿĪsā ibn Maryam (a) used to say [regarding death], ‘A terror which youknow not when you will meet, so what prevents you from preparing for it before it comes to you suddenly?’”

حدثنا الحسين بن سعيد قال: حدثنا محمد بن سنان عن عمار بن مروان قال: سمعت أبا عبد الله عليه السلام يقول: منكم والله يقبل ولكم والله يغفر انه ليس بين أحدكم وبين أن يغتبط ويرى السرور وقرة العين الا ان تبلغ نفسه ها هنا - وأومأ بيده إلى حلقه - ثم قال: إنه إذا كان ذلك واحتضر حضره رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله والأئمة وعلى جبرئيل وملك الموت عليه السلام فيدنو منه جبرئيل (علي عليه السلام) فيقول: لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله ان هذا كان يحبكم (يحبنا) أهل البيت فأحبه فيقول رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله: يا جبرئيل ان هذا كان يحب الله ورسوله وآل (وآله) رسوله فأحبه وارفق به (ويقول جبرئيل لملك الموت: ان هذا كان يحب الله ورسوله وأهل بيت رسوله فأحبه وارفق به) فيدنو منه ملك الموت فيقول له: يا عبد الله أخذت فكاك رقبتك؟ أخذت أمان برائتك؟ تمسكت بالعصمة الكبرى في الحياة الدنيا؟ قال: فيوفقه (فيرفعه) الله عز وجل فيقول: نعم فيقول (له): وما ذاك؟ فيقول: ولاية علي بن أبي طالب فيقول: صدقت أما الذي كنت تحذر (ه) فقد آمنك الله عنه (منه) وأما الذي كنت ترجو (ه) فقد أدركته أبشر بالسلف الصالح مرافقة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وعلى (وفاطمة) والأئمة من ولده عليهم السلام ثم يسل نفسه سلا رفيقا ثم ينزل بكفنه من الجنة وحنوطه حنوط كالمسك الأذفر فيكفن (بذلك الكفن) ويحنط بذلك الحنوط ثم يكسى حلة صفراء من حلل الجنة (فإذا وضع في قبره فتح الله له بابا من أبواب الجنة) يدخل عليه من روحها وريحانها (ثم يفسح له عن أمامه مسيرة شهر وعن يمينه وعن يساره ثم يقال له: نم نومة العروس على فراشها ابشر بروح وريحان وجند نعمى ورب غير غضبان (ثم يزور آل محمد في جنان رضوي فيأكل معهم من طعامهم ويشرب معهم من شرابهم ويتحدث معهم في مجالسهم حتى يقوم قائمنا أهل البيت فإذا قام قائمنا بعثهم الله فاقبلوا معه يلبون زمرا زمرا فعند ذلك يرتاب المبطلون ويضمحل المحلون - وقليل ما يكونون - هلكت المحاضير ونجا المقربون من أجل ذلك قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله لعلى عليه السلام أنت: اخى وميعاد ما بيني وبينك وادى السلام) قال: وإذا حضر الكافر الوفاة حضره رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وعلى والأئمة وجبرئيل (وميكائيل) وملك الموت عليهم السلام فيدنو منه جبرئيل (علي عليه السلام) فيقول: يا رسول الله ان هذا كان مبغضا لكم أهل البيت فأبغضه فيقول رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله: يا جبرئيل ان هذا كان يبغض الله ورسوله وأهل بيت رسوله فأبغضه (واعنف عليه) ويقول جبرئيل: يا ملك الموت ان هذا كان يبغض الله ورسوله وأهل بيت رسوله فأبغضه واعنف عليه فيدنو منه ملك الموت فيقول يا عبد الله أخذت فكاك رهانك (رقبتك)؟ أخذت أمان برائتك (من النار)؟ تمسكت بالعصمة الكبرى في الحياة الدنيا؟ (فيقول: لا) فيقول: ابشر يا عدو الله بسخط الله عز وجل وعذابه والنار، أما الذي كنت ترجو فقد فاتك واما الذي كنت تحذ (ره) فقد نزل بك ثم يسل نفسه سلا عنيفا ثم يوكل بروحه ثلاثمأة شيطان) يبزقون (يبصقون) كلهم يبزق في وجهه) ويتأذى بريحه (بروحه) فإذا وضع في قبره فتح له باب من أبواب النار فيدخل عليه من (نفح ريحها) (فتح ريحها) قيحها ولهبها (لهيبها).

1.Al-Ḥusayn ibn Saʿīd narrated to us [saying], “Muḥammad ibn Sinān narrated to us, from ʿAmmār ibn Marwān who said, ‘I heard Abā ʿAbdillāh (a) say, “By Allah, from you are [good deeds] accepted and you are, by Allah, forgiven [for your sins]. Verily there is nothing between any one of you and that which would make him rejoice and see what gladdens and delights him except his soul reaching here…” and he made a gesture with his hand pointing to his throat (in reference to death). Then he said, “At the moment when death approaches [a person], the Messenger of Allah (ṣ), the Imams (a), ʿAlī (a), Jibraʾīl and the Angel of Death (a) all come to him. Then Jibraʾīl draws near to him and he says to the Messenger of Allah (ṣ), ‘This person used to love you, the Ahl al- Bayt, so love him.’ So the Messenger of Allah (ṣ) says to him, ‘O Jibraʾīl, verily this individual used to love Allah and His Messenger, and the family of His Messenger, so [instruct the Angel of Death to] be gentle with him and love him.’ And Jibraʾīl in turn tells the Angel of Death, ‘This person used to love Allah and His Messenger, and the family of His Messenger, so be gentle with him and love him.’ Thus, the Angel of Death approaches the person and says, ‘O servant of Allah, you have procured your emancipation and your security [from hellfire], you have held on to the Great Protection in the life of this world.’ Then Allah, the Almighty, grants him the ability [to respond], so he replies, ‘Yes.’ So he asks, ‘What is that [Great Protection]?’ He replies, ‘The wilāyah of ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib (a).’ So he says, ‘You are right! As for that which you used to fear, Allah has protected you from it. And as for that which you used to hope for, you have attained it. Glad tidings to you of the company of the righteous forebears, the Messenger of Allah (ṣ), ʿAlī, Fāṭimah, and the Imams from his progeny (a)!’ Then he gently removes his soul. His shroud is then brought down from Paradise, and his embalming is a balm of fragrant musk. He is then shrouded with that shroud and embalmed with that balm. Subsequently he is dressed with a yellow attire from the apparels of Paradise. Once he is placed in his grave, Allah opens for him one of the doors of Paradise through which its breeze and fragrance reach him. Then He extends the space in front of him to the extent of a month’s travel, and to his right and left as well. He is then told, ‘Sleep as a newly-wed bride sleeps on her [soft] bed, and receive the glad tidings of ease, serenity, a blissful paradise, and a Lord who is not angry [with you]!’ Then he visits the family of the Prophet in the Gardens of delight, eating with them from their food, drinking with them from their drink, and speaking with them in their gatherings. [This will continue] until the Riser (qāʾim) from the Ahl al-Bayt rises. When our Riser rises, Allah will resurrect them so they will come together responding to his call in throngs. At that time, the followers of falsehood will doubt while those who violate the sacred will dwindle and only very few will remain. Those who seek to hasten it are destroyed and those who consider it near are saved. For this reason, the Messenger of Allah (ṣ) said to ʿAlī (a), ‘You are my brother, and my rendezvous with you will be at wādī al-salām.’” He (a) said, “And when a disbeliever is on his deathbed, the Messenger of Allah (ṣ), ʿAlī (a), the Imams (a), Jibraʾīl, Mīkāʾīl, and the Angel of Death (a) all come to him. Then Jibraʾīl draws near to him and says, ‘O Messenger of Allah, this person used to hate you, the Ahl al-Bayt, so hate him.’ So the Messenger of Allah (ṣ) says to him, O Jibraʾīl, verily this individual used to hate Allah and His Messenger, and the family of His Messenger, so [tell the Angel of Death to] hate him and be harsh with him.’ And Jibraʾīl in turn says, ‘O Angel of Death, this person used to hate Allah and His Messenger, and the family of His Messenger, so hate him and be harsh with him.’ Thus the Angel of Death approaches the person and says, ‘O servant of Allah, have you procured your emancipation and your security [from hellfire]? Have you held on to the Great Protection in the life of this world?’ He replies, ‘No.’ So he says, ‘Then receive tidings, O enemy of Allah, of the wrath of Allah, the Almighty, His chastisement and the Fire! As for what you hoped for, you have missed it, and as for what you feared, it has descended upon you.’ Then he extracts his soul violently, after which three hundred devils are assigned to remain with his soul, each of them spitting on his face and causing him discomfort. When he is placed in his grave, one of the doors of Hell is opened for him, so from it enters [into his grave] some of its stench, its [purulent] discharge, and its flames.”