Q&A
Al-Khiṣāl borítója

Al-Khiṣāl

The Book of Characteristics

Part 7: On Seven-Numbered Characteristics

A believer is one who has seven characteristics

7-31 حدثنا محمد بن الحسن رضي الله عنه قال: حدثنا محمد بن يحيى العطار، عن محمد بن يحيى قال: حدثني أحمد بن محمد وغيره بإسناده رفعاه إلى أمير المؤمنين عليه السلام أنه قال: المؤمن من طاب مكسبه، وحسنت خليقته، وصحت سريرته، وأنفق الفضل من ماله، وأمسك الفضل من كلامه، وكفي الناس من شره وأنصف الناس من نفسه

7-31 Muhammad ibn al-Hassan - may God be pleased with him - narrated that Muhammad ibn Yahya al-Attar quoted Muhammad ibn Yahya, on the authority of Ahmad ibn Muhammad and others who linked it up through a chain of narrators to the Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali (MGB), “A believer is one whose business is legitimate; is good-tempered; has a good soul; gives charity from his excessive wealth; doesn’t talk a lot; the people are secure with him; and he treats others fairly.”

Part 7: On Seven-Numbered Characteristics

There are seven ranks for a believer

7-32 حدثنا الحسين بن أحمد بن إدريس رضي الله عنه، عن محمد بن أحمد، عن أحمد بن أبي عبد الله البرقي، عن أبيه يرفعه إلى أبي عبد الله عليه السلام قال: المؤمنون على سبع درجات: صاحب درجة منهم في مزيد من الله عز وجل لايخرجه ذلك المزيد من درجته إلى درجة غيره، ومنهم شهداء الله على خلقه، ومنهم النجباء، ومنهم الممتحنة، ومنهم النجداء، ومنهم أهل الصبر، ومنهم أهل التقوى، ومنهم أهل المغفرة

7-32 Al-Hussein ibn Ahmad ibn Idris - may God be pleased with him - narrated that Muhammad ibn Ahmad quoted Ahmad ibn Aba Abdullah al-Barqy, on the authority of his father who linked it up through a chain of narrators to Aba Abdullah as-Sadiq (MGB), “There are seven ranks for a believer. None of them would go beyond their rank. Those with a given rank may get honored by the Honorable the Exalted God and be promoted, but they would never achieve a different rank. One group are God’s witnesses for His creatures. One group are the noble ones. One group are the examined ones. One group are the brave ones. One group are the patient ones. One group are the pious ones and one group are those who seek forgiveness.”

Part 7: On Seven-Numbered Characteristics

Seven Hearts would Not Taste the Sweetness of Belief

7-33 حدثنا أبي رضي الله عنه قال: حدثنا أحمد بن إدريس قال: حدثني محمد بن أحمد، عن سهل بن زياد، عن منصور، عن نصر الكوسج، عن مطرف مولى معن عن أبي عبد الله عليه السلام قال: لايدخل حلاوة الايمان قلب سندي، والزنجي، ولاخوزي ولاكردي، ولا بربري، ولا نبك الري، ولامن حملته أمه من الزنا.

7-33 (The compiler of the book narrated) that his father (ra) narrated that Ahmad ibn Idris quoted Muhammad ibn Ahmad, on the authority of Sahl ibn Zyad, on the authority of Mansoor, on the authority of Nasr al-Kowsaj, on the authority of Mutrif - a servant of Ma’an, on the authority of Aba Abdullah (AS), “Seven hearts would not taste the sweetness of belief: the Sindhi, the Zanji, the Khuzestani, the Kurdish, the Berbers, those who reside in the hills of Ray, and those born of adultery.”

Part 7: On Seven-Numbered Characteristics

Seven groups of learned men shall go to Hell

7-34 حدثنا محمد بن علي ماجيلويه رضي الله عنه قال: حدثني محمد بن يحيى العطار، عن محمد بن أحمد، عن الحسن بن موسي الخشاب، عن إسماعيل بن مهران، وعلي بن أسباط فيما أعلم، عن بعض رجالهما قال: قال أبوعبدلله عليه السلام: إن من العلماء من يحب أن يخزن علمه ولا يؤخذ عنه، فذاك في الدرك الاول من النار، ومن العلماء من إذا وعظ أنف وإذا وعظ عنف فذاك في الدرك الثاني من النارومن العلماء من يرى أن يصنع العلم عند ذوي الثروة والشرف، ولا يرى له في المساكين وضعا فذاك في الدرك الثالث من النار، ومن العلامة من يذهب في علمه مذهب الجبابرة والسلاطين فان رد عليه شيء من قوله أوقصر في شيء من أمره غضب فذاك في الدرك الرابع من النار، ومن العلماء من يطلب أحاديث اليهود والنصارى ليغزر به ويكثر به حديثه فذاك في الدرك الخامس من النار، ومن العلماء من يصنع نفسه للفتيا ويقول: سلوني ولعله لا يصيب حرفا واحدا والله لا يحب المتكلفين فذاك في الدرك السادس من النار، ومن العلماء من يتخذ علمه مروءة وعقلا فذاك في الدرك السابع من النار

7-34 Muhammad ibn Ali Majiluyih - may God be pleased with him - narrated that Muhammad ibn Yahya al-Attar quoted Muhammad ibn Ahmad, on the authority of Al-Hassan ibn Musa al-Khishab, on the authority of Isma’il ibn Mihran, and Ali ibn Asbat, on the authority of some men that Abu Abdullah as-Sadiq (MGB) said, “A group of learned men like to pile up their knowledge like a treasure and not let the people use it. They shall be on the first floor of Hell. Some of the learned men get insulted when they are given some advice and have a hard time giving advice to others. They shall be on the second floor of Hell.Some of the learned men consider only the rich and the elite to be worthy of learning, and do not consider the poor and the needy to be worthy of teaching. They shall be on the third floor of Hell. Some of the learned men are oppressive like the rulers and the kings. They would get angry if you object to them or fail to carry out any of their orders. They shall reside on the fourth level of Hell. Some of the learned men seek to acquire the narrations of the Jews and the Christians in order to serve as a source of pride and honor for them and increase their body of knowledge of traditions. They shall reside on the fifth level of Hell. Some of the learned men assume themselves as being the reference for religious decrees, and say that others should ask them even though they have not even learned a single word! God doesn’t like such people and they shall reside on the sixth level of Hell. Some of the learned men use their knowledge as a means of showing off their intellect and manlihood. Such people shall reside on the seventh level of Hell.”

Part 7: On Seven-Numbered Characteristics

Seven Creatures which God Created but Not Born of Their Mother’s Womb

7-35 حدثنا محمد بن علي ماجيلويه رضي الله عنه قال: حدثنا علي بن ابراهيم ابن هاشم، عن اليشكري، عن أبي أحمد محمد بن زياد الازدي، عن أبان بن عثمان، عن أبان بن تغلب، عن سفيان بن أبي ليلى، عن الحسن بن علي بن أبي طالب عليهما السلام أنه قال: في حديث طويل له مع ملك الروم إن ملك الروم سأله فيما سأله عن سبعة أشياء خلقها الله عز وجل لم تخرج من رحم، فقال: آدم وحواء، وكبس إبراهيم، وناقة صالح، وحية الجنة، والغراب الذي بعثه الله عز وجل يبحث في الارض، وإبليس لعنه الله تبارك وتعالى

7-35 Muhammad ibn Ali Majiluyih - may God be pleased with him - narrated that Ali ibn Ibrahim ibn Hashim quoted Al-Yashkari , on the authority of Abi Ahmad Muhammad ibn Zyad al-Azodi, on the authority of Aban ibn Uthman, on the authority of Aban ibn Taqlib, on the authority of Sufyan ibn Abi Layli, on the authority of Al-Hassan ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib (MGB) that it has been recorded as a part of a long narration in which the Imam (MGB) responded to the Roman Emperor who had asked him about the seven creatures which God created but not born of their mother’s womb as follows: “They are Adam, Eve, Abraham’s ram, the she-camel of Salih, the snake in Heaven, the raven which God sent for Cain to scratch the ground and show him how to bury his brother Abel , and the damned Satan - may the Blessed the Sublime God curse him.”

Part 7: On Seven-Numbered Characteristics

God the Sublime has partitioned Islam into seven parts

7-36 حدثنا أبي رصي الله عنه قال: حدثنا سعد بن عبدلله، عن أحمد بن محمد بن عيسى، عن الحسن بن محبوب، عن عمار بن أبي الاحوص، قال: قلت لابي عبدلله عليه السلام إن عندنا أقواما يقولون بأمير المؤمنين عليه السلام يفضلونه على الناس كلهم وليس يصفون من نصف من فضلكم أنتولاهم؟ فقالى لي: نعم في الجملة،أليس عند الله مالم يكن عند رسول الله، ولرسول الله عند الله ما ليس لنا، وعندنا ما ليس عندكم، وعندكم ماليس عند غيركم؟ إن الله تبارك وتعالى وضع الاسلام على سعبة أسهم: على الصبرو الصدق واليقين والرضا والوفاء والعلم والحلم، ثم قسم ذلك بين الناس فمن جعل فيه هذه السبعة الاسهم فهو كامل الايمان محتمل، ثم قسم لبعض الناس السهم وولبعض السهمين ولبعض الثلاثة الاسهم ولبعض الاربعة الاسهم ولبعض الخمسة الاسهم ولبعض الستة الاسهم ولعبض السبعة الاسهم فلا تحملوا على صاحب السهم سهمين، ولا على صاحب السهيمن ثلاثة أسهم، ولا على صاحب الصلاة أربعة أسهم، ولا على صاحب الاربعة خمسة أسهم، ولا على صاحب الخمسة ستة أسهم ولا على صاحب الستة سبعة أسهم، فتثقلوهم وتنفروهم ولكن ترفقوابهم وسهلوا لهم المدخل، وسأضرب لك مثلا تعتبر به: إنه كان رجل مسلم وكان له جار كافر، وكان الكافر يرافق المؤمن فأحب المؤمن للكافر الاسلام ولم يزل يزين الاسلام ويحببه إلى الكافر حتى أسلم فغدا عليه المؤمن فاستخرجه من منزله فذهب به إلى المسجد ليصلي معه الفجر في جماعة فلما صلى قال له: لوقعدنا نذكر الله عز وجل حتى تطلع الشمس فقعد، فقال له: لو تعلمت القرآن إلى أن تزول الشمس وصمت اليوم كان أفضل، فقعد معه وصام حتى صلى الظهر والعصر فقال: لو صبرت حتى تصلي المغرب والعشاء الآخرة كان أفضل فقعد معه حتى صلى المغرب والعشاء الآخرة ثم نهضا وقد بلغ مجهوده وحمل عليه ما لا يطيق فلما كان من الغد غدا عليه وهو يريد به مثل ما صنع بالامس فدق عليه بابه ثم قال له: اخرج حتى نذهب إلى المسجد فأجابه أن انصرف عني فإن هذا دين شديد لا اطيقه. فلا تخرقوا بهم أما علمت أن إمارة بنى امية كانت بالسيف والعسف والجور وإن إمارتنا بالرفق والتألف والوقار والتقية وحسن الخلطة والورع والاجتهاد، فرغبوا الناس في دينكم وفيما أنتم فيه

7-36 (The compiler of the book narrated) that his father - may God be pleased with him - narrated that Sa’ed ibn Abdullah quoted Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa, on the authority of Al-Hassan ibn Mahboob, on the authority of Am’mar ibn Abil Ahvas, “Aba Abdullah as-Sadiq (MGB) was asked, ‘There are people amongst us who believe in the Caliphate of the Commander of the Faithful (MGB), and consider him to be superior to all people, but do not believe in your nobility as we do. Should we be friends with them?’ Imam as-Sadiq (MGB) replied, ‘Yes, absolutely. Is it not true that God has things that the Prophet of God doesn’t have? Is it not true that the Prophet of God has things that we do not have? Is it not true thatwe have things that you do not have? Is it not true that you have things that others do not have? God the Blessed the Sublime has partitioned Islam into seven parts, and has distributed them amongst the people. These are perseverance, honesty, certitude, contentment, loyalty, knowledge, and patience. Whoever possesses all seven has perfect faith and is strong. He gave some people just one, some just two, some just three, some just four, some just five, some just six, and some all seven of these. Therefore, you should not expect one who has only been given one part of the faith to be responsible for two parts. You cannot burden one who has been granted only two parts of the faith with what you would ask from those who have three parts of faith. And so on. If you expect too much of them, they will be over-burdened and might turn away from the religion. Instead you should be patient and treat them with kindness, and make things easy for them. Now I will cite an example for you. There was a Muslim man with an infidel neighbor who was his friend. The man wished to help his friend become a Muslim. He kept trying to show him how nice Islam was, and insisted on his becoming a Muslim. Finally, he managed, and the man accepted Islam. The next morning the man went to his neighbor’s house, and asked him to accompany him to the morning congregation prayer. They went there and when the prayer ended he told the new Muslim man to sit down and recite the Quran until sunrise. They stayed there, and continued reciting until sunrise. Then he told him it was nice to fast that day and study the Quran until noon. The new Muslim agreed. After the noon and afternoon prayers, he suggested to the new Muslim man to stay there until dawn, to say their prayers in the mosque and then go home at night. He agreed. They did their night prayer, got up and went home. The next morning the man went to his neighbor’s house again and asked him to go to the mosque. The man said, ‘Leave me alone. This religion is too difficult. I cannot stand it.’ Therefore you should learn not to pressure the people. Do you know that the rule of the Umayyad clan was based upon force, the sword and oppression? However, we rule the people’s hearts with patience, kindness, concealing of faith, good association, piety, and struggling. Try to attract the people to your religion.’”

Part 7: On Seven-Numbered Characteristics

God Has Granted His ProphetSeven Characteristics

7-37 حدثنا محمد بن علي ماجيلويه، عن عمه محمد بن أبي القاسم، عن أحمد بن أبي عبد الله البرقي، عن أبي الحسن علي بن الحسين البرقي، عن عبد الله بن جبلة، عن الحسن بن عبد الله، عن آبائه، عن جده الحسن بن علي بن أبي طالب عليهم السلام في حديث طويل قال: نفرمن اليهود إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله فسأله أعلمهم عن أشياء فكان فيما سأله أخبرنا عن سبع خصال أعطالك الله من بين النبيين وأعطى امتك من بين الامم؟ فقال النبي: أعـطاني الله عز وجـل فاتحـةالكتاب والاذان والجماعة في المسجد ويوم الجمعة والصلاة على الجنائز والاجهار في ثلاث صلوات والرحصة لامتي عند الامراض والسفر، والشفاعة لاصحاب الكبائر من امتيقال اليهودي: صدقت يامحمد فما جزاء من قرأ فاتحة الكتاب؟فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله من قرأفاتحة الكتاب أعطاه الله عز وجل بعدد كل آية نزلت من السماء ثواب تلاوتها وأما الاذان فإنه يحشر المؤذنون من أمتي مع النبيين والصد يقين والشهداء والصالحين. وأما الجماعة فإن صفوف امتي في الارض كصفوف المائكة في السماء، والركعة في جماعة أربع وعشرون ركعة أحب إلى الله عز وجل من عبادة أربعين سنة، وأما يوم الجمعة فان الله يجمع فيه الاولين والآخرين للحساب فمامن مؤمن مشى إلى الجماعة إلا خفف الله عز وجل عليه أهوال يوم القيامة ثم يجازيه الجنة وأما الاجهار فإنه يتباعد منه لهب النار بقدر ما يبلغ صوته ويجوز على الصراط ويعطي السرور حتى يدخل الجنةوأما السادس فإن الله عز وجل يخفف أهوال يوم القيامة لامتي كما ذكر الله في القرآن، وما من مؤمن يصلى على الجنائز إلا أوجب الله له الجنة إلا أن يكون منافقا أو عاقا، وأما شفاعتي ففي أصحاب الكبائر ما خلا أهل الشرك والظلمقال: صدقت يا محمد وأنا أشهد أن الا إله إلا الله وأنك عبده ورسوله خاتم النبيين وإمام المتقين ورسول رب العالمينوآله وقال: يا رسول الله والذي بعثك بالحق نبيا ما استنسختها إلا من الالواح التي كتب الله عز وجل لموسى بن عمران ولقد قرأت في التوراة فضلك حتى شككت فيه يا محمد، ولقد كنت أمحواسمك منذ أربعين سنة من التوراة وكلما محوته وجدته مثبتا فيها، ولقد قرأت في التوراة أن هذه المسائل لا يخرجها غيرك، وأن في الساعة التي تردد عليك فيها هذه المسائل يكون جبرئيل عن يمينك وميكائيل عن يسارك ووصيك بين يديك، فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله: صدقت هذا جبرئيل عن يميني وميكائيل عن يساري ووصيي علي بن أبي طالب بين يدي فآمن اليهودي وحسن إسلامه

7-37 Muhammad ibn Ali Majiluyih - may God be pleased with him - narrated that his uncle Muhammad ibn Abil-Qasim quoted Ahmad ibn Aba Abdullah al-Barqy, on the authority of Abdullah ibn Jabal’le, on the authority of Al-Hassan ibn Abdullah, on the authority of his forefathers, on the authority of his grandfather Al-Hassan ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib (MGB) in a long narration, “One of the Jews went to see God’s Prophet (MGB) and asked him (MGB) several questions among which he asked, ‘Please inform us of seven things which God has especially granted you from amongst all the Prophets and has especially granted your nation from amongst the nations.’The Prophet (MGB) said, ‘The honorable the Exalted God has granted me the Opening Chapter (Al-Fatiha ), the general call to prayer (azan), the congregational prayers in the mosque, the Friday prayer, the prayer for the deceased ones; permission to say three prayers aloud . God has granted my nation permission to break their fast during illness or on a journey; and the possibility of my intercession on behalf of those who commit a major sin.’The Jew asked, ‘O Muhammad! You are right! What would be the reward of one who recites the Opening Chapter (Al-Hamd)?’ God’s Prophet (MGB) said, ‘The Honorable the Exalted God would grant whomever recites the Opening Chapter of the Book (Al-Fatiha ) the reward of reciting as many as the number of verses which have been revealed from the heavens. And the reward for those of my nation who say the azan would be being resurrected amongst the Prophets, the honest ones, the martyrs and the good-doers. And the reward for the congregational prayer is that the lines of those of my nation who stand to say the congregational prayer is like the line of the angels in the heavens. Each unit of prayer said in a congregational prayer is worth more than twenty-four units of regular prayers. Each unit of congregational prayers is liked by the Honorable the Exalted God more than forty years of worship. And Friday is the day on which God would bring about those of the latter and those of the former times for the Reckoning. The Honorable the Exalted God would give a discount to any believer who goes to the Friday congregational prayers and would reduce his fears on the Resurrection Day and would reward him with Paradise. And the reward for saying the prayers aloud is that the Fire would be put out for as far away as the voice of the one who says the prayers goes. He will also cross the Bridge and have a pleasant entry into Paradise.Regarding the sixth it should be stated that the Honorable the Exalted God would diminish the amount of fear on the Resurrection Day for those of my nation as mentioned in the Holy Quran. And God would make entry into Paradise a certainty for any believer who prays for the deceased unless he is a hypocrite or damned by his parents. Moreover, my intercession for the major sins excludes those who are oppressors and those who associate partners with God.’The Jew said, ‘O Muhammad! You are right! I bear witness that there is no god but God and that you are His servant, His Messenger, the seal of the Prophets and the Leader of the Pious ones.’ He accepted Islam and then brought out a piece of white paper in which all that the Prophet (MGB) saidwas already written. He said, ‘O Prophet of God! I swear by Him who appointed you to the position of Prophethood that I have copied this material from the Tablets which the Honorable the Exalted God had sent to Moses - the son of Imran. I have read in the Torah that no one but you can give the right answers to these questions. O Muhammad! I have read so much about your nobilities in the Torah that I doubted it. I tried to eliminate your name from the Torah for forty years, but it still remains there. I have also read in the Torah that at the time of answering these questions Gabriel shall be on your right side, Michael shall be on your left side, and your Trustee shall be in front of you.’ The Prophet (MGB) said, ‘You are right! This is Gabriel on my right side. This is Michael on my left side. And this is my Trustee Ali ibn Abi Talib who is in front of you.’ The Jew truly accepted Islam.

Part 7: On Seven-Numbered Characteristics

The Offering of a Cow or a Camel is Accepted from Seven People

7-38 حدثنا أبي رضي الله عنه قال: حدثنا سعد بن عبد الله، عن بنان بن محمد ابن عيسى، عن الحسن بن أحمد، عن يونس بن يعقوب قال: سألت أبا عبد الله عليه السلام عن البقرة يضحى بها؟ فقال: تجزي عن سبعة نفر

7-38 (The compiler of the book narrated) that his father - may God be pleased with him - narrated that Sa’ed ibn Abdullah quoted Banan ibn Muhammad ibn Isa, on the authority of Al-Hassan ibn Ahmad, on the authority of Yunus ibn Yaqoob, “I asked Aba Abdullah as-Sadiq (MGB), ‘How many people would the offering of a cow or a camel be accepted from?’ The Imam (MGB) replied, ‘It would be accepted from seven people.’”

7-39 حدثنا محمد بن الحسن بن أحمد بن الوليد رضي الله عنه قال: حدثنا محمد ابن الحسن الصفار، عن محمد بن الحسين بن أبي الخطاب، عن وهيب بن حفص، عن أبي بصير، عن أبي عبد الله عليه السلام قال: البقرة والبدنة تجزيان عن سبعة إذا اجتمعوا من أهل بيت ومن غيرهم

7-39 Muhammad ibn al-Hassan ibn Ahmad ibn al-Walid - may God be pleased with him - narrated that Muhammad ibn al-Hassan al-Saffar quoted Muhammad ibn al-Hussein ibn Abil-Khat’tab, on the authority of Vaheeb ibn Hafs, on the authority of Abi Basir that Aba Abdullah as-Sadiq (MGB) said, “The offering of a cow or a camel would be accepted from seven people whether they be from the same family or not.”

Part 7: On Seven-Numbered Characteristics

The Sun And the Moon Have Seven Layers

7-40 حدثنا محمد بن الحسن رضي الله عنه قال: حدثنا محمد بن يحيى العطار، عن محمد بن أحمد، عن عيسى بن محمد، عن علي بن مهزيار، عن علي بن حسان، عن أبى أيوب، عن محمد بن مسلم قال:قلت لابي جعفر عليه السلام جعلت فداك لاي شيئ صارت الشمس أشد حرارة من القمر؟ فقال إن الله تبارك وتعالى خلق الشمس من نور النار وصفوا لماء طبقا من هذا وطبقا من هذا، حتى إذا كانت سبعة أطباق ألبسها لباسا من نار، فمن ثم صارت أشد حرارة من القمر، فقلت: جعلت فداك فالقمر؟ فقال: إن الله تعالى خلق القمر من نور النار وصفو الماء طبقا من هذا وطبقا من هذا حتى إذا صارت سبعة أطباق ألبسها لباسا من ماء فمن ثم صار القمر أبرد من الشمس

7-40 Muhammad ibn al-Hassan - may God be pleased with him - narrated that Muhammad ibn Yahya al-Attar quoted Muhammad ibn Ahmad, on the authority of Isa ibn Muhammad, on the authority of Ali ibn Mahzyar, on the authority of Ali ibn Hisan, on the authority of Abi Ayoob, on the authority of Muhammad ibn Muslim, “I asked Abi Ja’far al-Baqir (MGB), ‘May I be your ransom! Why is the Sun hotter than the moon?’ Then he (MGB) replied, ‘Indeed the Blessed the Sublime God created the Sun from layers of the light of fire and pure gaseous water one layer of each upon the other until the seventh layer which can be seen and is made of fire. Thus, the heat of the Sun is more than that of the moon.’ I asked, ‘How about the moon?’ The Imam (MGB) replied, ‘The Sublime God has made the moon from layers of the light of fire and gaseous vapors one upon another for seven layers and has covered up the seventh layer with water. That is why the moon is cooler than the Sun.’

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