The Book of Food
Comprehensive Chapter on Animals that are not Edible
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ الْجَعْفَرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ الطَّاوُسُ مَسْخٌ كَانَ رَجُلًا جَمِيلًا فَكَابَرَ امْرَأَةَ رَجُلٍ مُؤْمِنٍ تُحِبُّهُ فَوَقَعَ بِهَا ثُمَّ رَاسَلَتْهُ بَعْدُ فَمَسَخَهُمَا اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ طَاوُسَيْنِ أُنْثَى وَ ذَكَراً وَ لَا يُؤْكَلُ لَحْمُهُ وَ لَا بَيْضُهُ .
16. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Bakr ibn Salih from Sulayman al-Ja‘fariy who has said the following: “Abu al-Hassan, al-Rida’ (a.s.), has said, ‘The Peacock is metamorphosed. He was a beautiful man. He treated with disregard the woman of a believing man. The woman loved him and he fell on her, then continued and was metamorphosed by Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, in the form of male and female. It is not edible, in the form of flesh or its eggs.’”
The Book of Food
Another Chapter; Signs of Edible and Inedible Birds
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنِ الْمَأْكُولِ مِنَ الطَّيْرِ وَ الْوَحْشِ فَقَالَ حَرَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) كُلَّ ذِي مِخْلَبٍ مِنَ الطَّيْرِ وَ كُلَّ ذِي نَابٍ مِنَ الْوَحْشِفَقُلْتُ إِنَّ النَّاسَ يَقُولُونَ مِنَ السَّبُعِ فَقَالَ لِي يَا سَمَاعَةُ السَّبُعُ كُلُّهُ حَرَامٌ وَ إِنْ كَانَ سَبُعاً لَا نَابَ لَهُ وَ إِنَّمَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) هَذَا تَفْصِيلًا وَ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ رَسُولُهُ ( صلى الله عليه وآله ) الْمُسُوخَ جَمِيعَهَا فَكُلِ الْآنَ مِنْ طَيْرِ الْبَرِّ مَا كَانَتْ لَهُ حَوْصَلَةٌ وَ مِنْ طَيْرِ الْمَاءِ مَا كَانَ لَهُ قَانِصَةٌ كَقَانِصَةِ الْحَمَامِ لَا مَعِدَةٌ كَمَعِدَةِ الْإِنْسَانِ وَ كُلُّ مَا صَفَّ وَ هُوَ ذُو مِخْلَبٍ فَهُوَ حَرَامٌ وَ الصَّفِيفُ كَمَا يَطِيرُ الْبَازِي وَ الصَّقْرُ وَ الْحِدَأَةُ وَ مَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ وَ كُلُّ مَا دَفَّ فَهُوَ حَلَالٌ وَ الْحَوْصَلَةُ وَ الْقَانِصَةُ يُمْتَحَنُ بِهَا مِنَ الطَّيْرِ مَا لَا يُعْرَفُ طَيَرَانُهُ وَ كُلُّ طَيْرٍ مَجْهُولٍ .
1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn Mahbub from Sama‘ah ibn Mehran who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about edible birds and beasts (animals). He (the Imam) said, The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, prohibited using for food of every bird that has claws and beast that has canine teeth.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘O Sama‘ah, all beasts are inedible; even if it is a beast that does not have canine teeth. The Messenger of Allah has mentioned canine teeth for explanation. Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, and His Messenger prohibited all metamorphosed animals. From the birds on land you can use for food that which has craw, and from the sea birds that which has gizzard like the gizzard of pigeons; not stomach like the stomach of human beings. Every bird which flies straight and has claws is not edible, and so also are the straight fliers like falcons and hawks and al- Hida’ah (a bird that hunts rats) and similar birds that flap their wings in flight and have craws or gizzard which defines every edible bird that cannot be distinguished from its flight and the unknown ones.’”
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ الطَّيْرُ مَا يُؤْكَلُ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ لَا يُؤْكَلُ مِنْهُ مَا لَمْ تَكُنْ لَهُ قَانِصَةٌ .
2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Ibn abu Najran from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, about what is edible of birds. He (the Imam) said, ‘None of them is edible unless it has a craw.”’
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ الزَّيَّاتِ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ وَ اللَّهِ مَا رَأَيْتُ مِثْلَ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَطُّ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنِّي سَأَلْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ مَا يُؤْكَلُ مِنَ الطَّيْرِ فَقَالَ كُلْ مَا دَفَّ وَ لَا تَأْكُلْ مَا صَفَّ قُلْتُ الْبَيْضُ فِي الْآجَامِ فَقَالَ مَا اسْتَوَى طَرَفَاهُ فَلَا تَأْكُلْهُ وَ مَا اخْتَلَفَ طَرَفَاهُ فَكُلْ قُلْتُ فَطَيْرُ الْمَاءِ قَالَ مَا كَانَتْ لَهُ قَانِصَةٌ فَكُلْ وَ مَا لَمْ تَكُنْ لَهُ قَانِصَةٌ فَلَا تَأْكُلْ .
3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Ali al-Zayyat (Ali ibn Ri’ab) from Zurarah who has said the following: “I swear by Allah that I have never seen anyone like abu Ja‘far, Alayhi al-Salam. I once, said to him (the Imam), ‘I pray to Allah to keep you well, what is edible of birds?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘You can use for food all that flap their wings in flight, and do not eat what keeps its wings straight in flight.’ I then asked about eggs. He (the Imam) said, ‘All eggs with ends of similar shapes are not edible and those that have their ends of different shapes are edible.’ I then asked about the birds of water. He (the Imam) said, ‘All that have gizzards are edible and that which have no gizzard are not edible.’”
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ كُلْ مِنَ الطَّيْرِ مَا كَانَتْ لَهُ قَانِصَةٌ وَ لَا مِخْلَبَ لَهُقَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ طَيْرِ الْمَاءِ فَقَالَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ .
4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Harun ibn Muslim from Mas’adah ibn Sadaqah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Of birds you can eat that which has gizzard and no claws.’ I then asked about birds in water and he (the Imam) said a similar thing.’”
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ كُلْ مِنَ الطَّيْرِ مَا كَانَتْ لَهُ قَانِصَةٌ أَوْ صِيصِيَةٌ أَوْ حَوْصَلَةٌ .
5. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from ibn Faddal from ibn Bukayr who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Of birds you can eat whatever has gizzard or spur of the rooster or craws.’”
بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنِ ابْنِ جُمْهُورٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي يَعْفُورٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) إِنِّي أَكُونُ فِي الْآجَامِ فَيَخْتَلِفُ عَلَيَّ الطَّيْرُ فَمَا آكُلُ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ كُلْ مَا دَفَّ وَ لَا تَأْكُلْ مَا صَفَّ فَقُلْتُ إِنِّي أُوتَى بِهِ مَذْبُوحاً فَقَالَ كُلْ مَا كَانَتْ لَهُ قَانِصَةٌ .
6. Certain persons of our people have narrated from ibn Jumhur from Muhammad ibn al-Qasim from ‘Abd Allah ibn abu Ya‘fur who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, about birds that I find in wilderness and about which is edible. He (the Imam) said, ‘All birds that flap their wings in flight are edible and all birds that keep their wings straight in flight are not edible.’ ‘What happens if they are brought to me already slaughtered?’ He (the Imam) said, ’Eat whatever has craws.’”
The Book of Food
Signs of Edible and Inedible Eggs
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا ( عليهما السلام ) قَالَ إِذَا دَخَلْتَ أَجَمَةً فَوَجَدْتَ بَيْضاً فَلَا تَأْكُلْ مِنْهُ إِلَّا مَا اخْتَلَفَ طَرَفَاهُ .
1. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from al-‘Ala’ from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “I once asked one of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘ Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about the eggs that I may find in the wilderness. He (the Imam) said, ’Do not eat unless the shape of its both ends is different.’”
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الزَّيَّاتِ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) الْبَيْضُ فِي الْآجَامِ فَقَالَ مَا اسْتَوَى طَرَفَاهُ فَلَا تَأْكُلْ وَ مَا اخْتَلَفَ طَرَفَاهُ فَكُلْ .
2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Ali ibn al-Zayyat (Ali ibn Ri’ab) from Zurarah who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about the eggs that I may find in the wilderness. He (the Imam) said, ‘Do not eat whatever has its both ends of the same shape and eat that which has the ends of different shapes.’”
عَنْهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ يَعْنِي أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ رَجُلٍ يَدْخُلُ الْأَجَمَةَ فَيَجِدُ فِيهَا بَيْضاً مُخْتَلِفاً لَا يَدْرِي بَيْضُ مَا هُوَ أَ بَيْضُ مَا يُكْرَهُ مِنَ الطَّيْرِ أَوْ يُسْتَحَبُّ فَقَالَ إِنَّ فِيهِ عَلَماً لَا يَخْفَى انْظُرْ إِلَى كُلِّ بَيْضَةٍ تَعْرِفُ رَأْسَهَا مِنْ أَسْفَلِهَا فَكُلْ وَ مَا يَسْتَوِي فِي ذَلِكَ فَدَعْهُ .
3. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from ‘Umar ibn ‘Udhaynah Zurarah from abu al-Khattab who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who enters the wilderness and finds different eggs which he does not know from what kind of birds they are; if it is of birds that are undesirable or of the desirable ones. He (the Imam) said, ‘There is knowledge in it which is not unclear. If you look at each egg you can find which end is the head and which end is the bottom in which case you can eat; but if you cannot distinguish the shape of one end from the other, then leave it.’”
