The Book of Talaq (Divorces)
Swearing and Taking an Oath
أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ وَ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ نُوحٍ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ وَ حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ سَمَاعَةَ جَمِيعاً عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْإِيلَاءِ مَا هُوَ فَقَالَ هُوَ أَنْ يَقُولَ الرَّجُلُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ وَ اللَّهِ لَا أُجَامِعُكِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا وَ يَقُولَ وَ اللَّهِ لَأَغِيضَنَّكِ [لَأَغِيظَنَّكِ] فَيُتَرَبَّصَ بِهَا أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ ثُمَّ يُؤْخَذُ فَيُوقَفُ بَعْدَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ الْأَشْهُرِ فَإِنْ فَاءَ وَ هُوَ أَنْ يُصَالِحَ أَهْلَهُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَفِئْ جُبِرَ عَلَى أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ وَ لَا يَقَعُ طَلَاقٌ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمَا وَ لَوْ كَانَ بَعْدَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ الْأَشْهُرِ مَا لَمْ يَرْفَعْهُ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ .
9. Abu Ali al-Ash‘ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar. Abu al-‘Abbas has narrated from Muhammad ibn Ja‘far from Ayyub ibn Nuh. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from ibn Sama‘ah all from Safwan from ibn Muskan from abu Basir who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about 7/a’ (swearing) and what it is. He (the Imam) said, ‘It takes place when a man says to his wife, ‘By Allah, I will not go to bed with you so and so, and says, ‘By Allah I will reduce you and then waits for four months. Thereafter he is taken in custody, if he expiates and reconciles with his wife, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful and if he did not expiate he then is made to divorce. Divorce cannot take place if it is after four months until it is taken before the Imam.’”
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ فِي الْمُؤْلِي إِذَا أَبَى أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ قَالَ كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) يَجْعَلُ لَهُ حَظِيرَةً مِنْ قَصَبٍ وَ يَحْبِسُهُ فِيهَا وَ يَمْنَعُهُ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ وَ الشَّرَابِ حَتَّى يُطَلِّقَ .
10. Al-Husayn from Muhammad has narrated from Mu‘alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali from Hammad ibn ‘Uthaman who has said the following: About the case of a man’s 7/a’ (swearing) abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that if he refuses to divorce ’Amir al-Mu’minin has said, that an enclosure of reeds must be made for him and to keep him there without food and drink until he agrees to divorce.’”
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ خَلَفِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ رَفَعَهُ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) فِي الْمُؤْلِي إِمَّا أَنْ يَفِيءَ أَوْ يُطَلِّقَ فَإِنْ فَعَلَ وَ إِلَّا ضُرِبَتْ عُنُقُهُ .
11. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Khalid from Khalaf ibn Hammad in a marfu‘ manner who has said the following: “About the case of a man’s 7/a’ (swearing), abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘He either expiates or divorces or is beheaded.’”
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ الْبَخْتَرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ إِذَا غَاضَبَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ فَلَمْ يَقْرَبْهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ يَمِينٍ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ فَاسْتَعْدَتْ عَلَيْهِ فَإِمَّا أَنْ يَفِيءَ وَ إِمَّا أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ فَإِنْ تَرَكَهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ مُغَاضَبَةٍ أَوْ يَمِينٍ فَلَيْسَ بِمُؤْلٍ .
12. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘ Umayr from Hafs ibn al-Bakhtariy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a man angers his wife and does not go to bed with her without swearing for four months and she complains against him, he then must expiate or divorce her. If he leaves her without anger or swearing, then the rules of 7/a’ (swearing) do not apply.’”
الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ حَمْدَانَ الْقَلَانِسِيِّ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ بُنَانٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بَقَّاحٍ عَنْ غِيَاثِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) إِذَا أَبَى الْمُؤْلِي أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ جَعَلَ لَهُ حَظِيرَةً مِنْ قَصَبٍ وَ أَعْطَاهُ رُبُعَ قُوتِهِ حَتَّى يُطَلِّقَ .
13. Al-Husayn from Muhammad has narrated from Hamdan al-Qalanisiy from Ishaq ibn Bunan ibn Baqqah from Ghiyath ibn Ibrahim who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that when a man because of 7/a’ (swearing) refused to divorce ’Amir al-Mu’minin placed him inside an enclosure and gave him one-fourth of his food and drink until he agreed to divorce.”
The Book of Talaq (Divorces)
’Ila’ (swearing) does not Take Place except after Going to Bed with one’s Wife
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ عَنْ أَبِي الصَّبَّاحِ الْكِنَانِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ لَا يَقَعُ الْإِيلَاءُ إِلَّا عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ قَدْ دَخَلَ بِهَا زَوْجُهَا .
1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il from Muhammad ibn al-Fudayl from abu al-Sabbah al-Kinaniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘ ’Ila’ (swearing) does not take place unless one has gone to bed with his wife.”’
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ يُؤْلِي مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا قَالَ لَا يَقَعُ الْإِيلَاءُ حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ بِهَا .
2. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from ‘Abd al-Karim from abu Basir who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man’s ’ Ila ’ (swearing) against his wife before going to bed with her. He (the Imam) said, ‘ 7/a’ (swearing) does not take place until one goes to bed with his wife.’”
عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ قَالَ لَا أَعْلَمُهُ إِلَّا عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ لَا يَكُونُ مُؤْلِياً حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ بِهَا .
3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from ibn ‘Udhaynah who has said that I do not know this Hadith except from Zurarah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘One can only be in ’ Ila ’ (swearing) against his wife when he goes to bed with her.’”
مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ عَنْ أَبِي الصَّبَّاحِ الْكِنَانِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سُئِلَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ( عليه السلام ) عَنْ رَجُلٍ آلَى مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ وَ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا قَالَ لَا إِيلَاءَ حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ بِهَا فَقَالَ أَ رَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا حَلَفَ أَنْ لَا يَبْنِيَ بِأَهْلِهِ سَنَتَيْنِ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَ كَانَ يَكُونُ إِيلَاءً .
4. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il from Muhammad ibn al-Fudayl from abu al-Sabbah al-Kinaniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that once a man who was involved in 7/a’ (swearing) against his wife before going to bed with her, asked ’Amir al-Mu’minin. He (the Imam) said, ‘ 7/a’ (swearing) does not place until one goes to bed with his wife,’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘If a man swears not to go to bed with his wife for two years or more, can this be 7/a’ (swearing)?”’
The Book of Talaq (Divorces)
If a Man Says to his Wife, ‘You are Unlawful for me”
عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ( عليه السلام ) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ حَرَامٌ فَقَالَ لِي لَوْ كَانَ لِي عَلَيْهِ سُلْطَانٌ لَأَوْجَعْتُ رَأْسَهُ وَ قُلْتُ لَهُ اللَّهُ أَحَلَّهَا لَكَ فَمَا حَرَّمَهَا عَلَيْكَ إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَزِدْ عَلَى أَنْ كَذَبَ فَزَعَمَ أَنَّ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَهُ حَرَامٌ وَ لَا يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهِ طَلَاقٌ وَ لَا كَفَّارَةٌ فَقُلْتُ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ لِمَ تُحَرِّمُ ما أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكَ فَجَعَلَ فِيهِ الْكَفَّارَةَ فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا حَرَّمَ عَلَيْهِ جَارِيَتَهُ مَارِيَةَ وَ حَلَفَ أَنْ لَا يَقْرَبَهَا فَإِنَّمَا جَعَلَ عَلَيْهِ الْكَفَّارَةَ فِي الْحَلْفِ وَ لَمْ يَجْعَلْ عَلَيْهِ فِي التَّحْرِيمِ .
1. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn abu Nasr from Muhammad ibn Sama‘ah from Zurarah who has said the following: “I once asked Abu Ja’far (a.s.), about the case of a man who says to his wife, ‘You are unlawful for me.’ He (the Imam) said to me, ‘Had I control over him I would have hurt his head and said to him that Allah has made her lawful for you, then what has made her unlawful for you? In fact, the one who says it(‘You are unlawful for me’) has lied, because then he would claim that what Allah has made lawful for him is unlawful, and there is no divorce or expiation on him.‘ I then asked about the meaning of the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘O Prophet, why do you make unlawful what Allah has made lawful for you’ (66:1), then expiation is made necessary.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He only made unlawful for him his slave-girl Maria, and swore not to go near her. He made expiation necessary on him in the case of swearing, not in the case of making something unlawful.’”
