Al-Kāfi

4- أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ الرَّهْنُ فَلا يَدْرِي لِمَنْ هُوَ مِنَ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ لا أُحِبُّ أَنْ يَبِيعَهُ حَتَّى يَجِي‏ءَ صَاحِبُهُ قُلْتُ لا يَدْرِي لِمَنْ هُوَ مِنَ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ فِيهِ فَضْلٌ أَوْ نُقْصَانٌ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيهِ فَضْلٌ أَوْ نُقْصَانٌ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ فِيهِ نُقْصَانٌ فَهُوَ أَهْوَنُ يَبِيعُهُ فَيُؤْجَرُ فِيمَا نَقَصَ مِنْ مَالِهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ فِيهِ فَضْلٌ فَهُوَ أَشَدُّهُمَا عَلَيْهِ يَبِيعُهُ وَيُمْسِكُ فَضْلَهُ حَتَّى يَجِي‏ءَ صَاحِبُهُ.

4. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ibrahim (a.s.), about the case of a man who had al-Rahn (security deposit) with him and did not know to whom it belonged. He (the Imam) said, ‘I do not like his selling it until the owner comes.’ I said, ‘He does not know who the owner is.’ He (the Imam) then asked, ‘Is there any increase or decrease in it?’ I then asked, ‘What happens if there is increase or decrease in it?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If there is decrease, it is easier. He can sell it and complete the reduction from his own property. If there is increase in it, it is more difficult because he sells it and must keep the increase until its owner comes.’”

5- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي رَجُلٍ رَهَنَ رَهْناً إِلَى غَيْرِ وَقْتٍ مُسَمًّى ثُمَّ غَابَ هَلْ لَهُ وَقْتٌ يُبَاعُ فِيهِ رَهْنُهُ قَالَ لا حَتَّى يَجِي‏ءَ [صَاحِبُهُ].

5. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from his father from ibn Bukayr from ‘Ubayd ibn Zurarah who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who held al-Rahn (security-deposit) for an unspecified time and his party disappeared; if he had a time limit within which he could sell al-Rahn (security deposit). He (the Imam) said, ‘No, until his party comes.’”

6- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنِ الرَّهْنِ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ مَالِ الْمُرْتَهِنِ فَهَلَكَ أَنْ يُؤَدِّيَ الْفَضْلَ إِلَى صَاحِبِ الرَّهْنِ وَإِنْ كَانَ أَقَلَّ مِنْ مَالِهِ فَهَلَكَ الرَّهْنُ أَدَّى إِلَيْهِ صَاحِبُهُ فَضْلَ مَالِهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ الرَّهْنُ سَوَاءً فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْ‏ءٌ.

6. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Safwan from ibn Bukayr who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about al-Rahn (security deposit). He (the Imam) said, ‘If it is more than what mortgagee has provided and it is destroyed, the difference must be paid to the mortgager; but if it is less and is destroyed, the one who has the extra must pay the difference to the mortgagor, and if both sides are equal then there is nothing to dispute about.’”

7- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَأَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ قَوْلِ عَلِيٍّ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي الرَّهْنِ يَتَرَادَّانِ الْفَضْلَ فَقَالَ كَانَ عَلِيٌّ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ قُلْتُ كَيْفَ يَتَرَادَّانِ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ الرَّهْنُ أَفْضَلَ مِمَّا رُهِنَ بِهِ ثُمَّ عَطِبَ رَدَّ الْمُرْتَهِنُ الْفَضْلَ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ لا يَسْوَى رَدَّ الرَّاهِنُ مَا نَقَصَ مِنْ حَقِّ الْمُرْتَهِنِ قَالَ وَكَذَلِكَ كَانَ قَوْلُ عَلِيٍّ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي الْحَيَوَانِ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ.

7. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from abu Hamzah who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the words of Ali (a.s.), about al-Rahn (security deposit and mortgage) ‘both sides return the extra’. He (the Imam) said, ‘Ali (a.s.), indeed would say it.’ I then asked, ‘How both sides return?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If what is mortgaged is more than the amount the mortgage has provided and it is destroyed, the mortgagee returns the difference to mortgager; if it is not equal the mortgager returns the difference to the mortgagee.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘This is how Ali, Alayhi al-Salam, would say about animals and other goods.’”

8- الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَمَّنْ أَخْبَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الرَّهْنِ إِذَا ضَاعَ مِنْ عِنْدِ الْمُرْتَهِنِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَسْتَهْلِكَهُ رَجَعَ فِي حَقِّهِ عَلَى الرَّاهِنِ فَأَخَذَهُ فَإِنِ اسْتَهْلَكَهُ تَرَادَّ الْفَضْلُ بَيْنَهُمَا.

8. Al-Husayn from Muhammad has narrated from Mu’alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-ffassan ibn Ali al-Washsha’ from Aban from those who narrated to him who has said the following: “About al-Rahn (security deposit and mortgage), abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If loss takes place on the side of mortgagee without willingly consuming it, he asks the mortgager to provide compensation for his loss; but if he consumes it then both sides exchange the difference to each other.’”

9- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَسَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَرْهَنُ الرَّهْنَ بِمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ وَهُوَ يُسَاوِي ثَلاثَمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ فَيَهْلِكُ أَعَلَى الرَّجُلِ أَنْ يَرُدَّ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ مِائَتَيْ دِرْهَمٍ قَالَ نَعَمْ لأنَّهُ أَخَذَ رَهْناً فِيهِ فَضْلٌ وَضَيَّعَهُ قُلْتُ فَهَلَكَ نِصْفُ الرَّهْنِ قَالَ عَلَى حِسَابِ ذَلِكَ قُلْتُ فَيَتَرَادَّانِ الْفَضْلَ قَالَ نَعَمْ.

9. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from and Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from Hammad ibn ‘Uthman from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ibrahim, Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who made an al-Rahn (security deposit and mortgage) deal which is for one hundred dirham with a value of three hundred dirham and it was consumed; if he had to pay two hundred dirham to the other party. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, because he has taken al-Rahn (security deposit) in which there is increase and loss.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if half is consumed?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is proportionate.’ I then asked, ‘Do they return to each other the extra?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, that it true.’”

10- وَبِهَذَا الإسْنَادِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) الرَّجُلُ يَرْهَنُ الْغُلامَ وَالدَّارَ فَتُصِيبُهُ الآفَةُ عَلَى مَنْ يَكُونُ قَالَ عَلَى مَوْلاهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلا عَلَى مَنْ يَكُونُ قُلْتُ هُوَ فِي عُنُقِ الْعَبْدِ قَالَ أَلا تَرَى فَلِمَ يَذْهَبُ مَالُ هَذَا ثُمَّ قَالَ أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ كَانَ ثَمَنُهُ مِائَةَ دِينَارٍ فَزَادَ وَبَلَغَ مِائَتَيْ دِينَارٍ لِمَنْ كَانَ يَكُونُ قُلْتُ لِمَوْلاهُ قَالَ كَذَلِكَ يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ مَا يَكُونُ لَهُ.

10. Through the same chain of narrators as that of the previous Hadith the following is narrated: “I once asked abu Ibrahim, Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who mortgaged a slave and the house and they suffered loss; if it was compensated by a particular party. He (the Imam) said, ‘His master is responsible.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘Suppose if someone is murdered who is responsible?’ I replied, ‘It is on the neck of the slave.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Do you not consider that his property is not gone?’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘Consider, if his price was one hundred dinar and it increased up to two hundred dinars. To whom does it (the increase) belong?’ I replied, ‘It belongs to his master.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘In the same way it is on him just as it is for him.’”

11- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَرْهَنُ عِنْدَ الرَّجُلِ رَهْناً فَيُصِيبُهُ شَيْ‏ءٌ أَوْ ضَاعَ قَالَ يَرْجِعُ بِمَالِهِ عَلَيْهِ.

11. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “About the case of a man who takes mortgage from another man, then it suffers loss or is lost. He (the Imam), Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘He can demand what is for him from the other party.”

12- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَرْهَنُ الْعَبْدَ أَوِ الثَّوْبَ أَوِ الْحُلِيَّ أَوْ مَتَاعاً مِنْ مَتَاعِ الْبَيْتِ فَيَقُولُ صَاحِبُ الْمَتَاعِ لِلْمُرْتَهِنِ أَنْتَ فِي حِلٍّ مِنْ لُبْسِ هَذَا الثَّوْبِ فَالْبَسِ الثَّوْبَ وَانْتَفِعْ بِالْمَتَاعِ وَاسْتَخْدِمِ الْخَادِمَ قَالَ هُوَ لَهُ حَلالٌ إِذَا أَحَلَّهُ وَمَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ قُلْتُ فَارْتَهَنَ دَاراً لَهَا غَلَّةٌ لِمَنِ الْغَلَّةُ قَالَ لِصَاحِبِ الدَّارِ قُلْتُ فَارْتَهَنَ أَرْضاً بَيْضَاءَ فَقَالَ صَاحِبُ الأرْضِ ازْرَعْهَا لِنَفْسِكَ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ هَذَا مِثْلَ هَذَا يَزْرَعُهَا لِنَفْسِهِ فَهُوَ لَهُ حَلالٌ كَمَا أَحَلَّهُ لَهُ إِلا أَنَّهُ يَزْرَعُ بِمَالِهِ وَيَعْمُرُهَا.

12. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Safwan from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ibrahim, Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who left a slave, or clothes, or jewelries, or goods of the household as al-Rahn (security deposit) with someone, then said to mortgagee, ‘You have permission to wear the clothes so wear them and benefit from the goods and use the services of the servant.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is lawful for him when he has made it lawful for him but I do not like if he did.’ I asked, ‘If one leaves a house as al-Rahn (security deposit) which has a certain amount of income. To whom such income belongs?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It belongs to the owner of the house.’ I then said, ‘One has left his uncultivated land as al-Rahn (security deposit) saying to the party, “Farm it for yourself.’” He (the Imam) said, ‘This is not like that. He farms it for himself and it is lawful for him as he has made it lawful for him but he farms it with his own asset and establishes it.’”

13- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنِ ابْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) فِي كُلِّ رَهْنٍ لَهُ غَلَّةٌ أَنَّ غَلَّتَهُ تُحْسَبُ لِصَاحِبِ الرَّهْنِ مِمَّا عَلَيْهِ.

13. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ‘ Abd Allah ibn af-Mughirah from ibn Sinan who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin had issued a judgment that said, ‘Whoever leaves an income-producing al-Rahn (security deposit), such income is counted in favor of the owner of al-Rahn (security deposit) against what he owes.’”