The Book of Commerce
Finding the Merchandise after Delivery to Be of Different Quality
1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ وَعَلِيِّ بْنِ حَدِيدٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ عَنْ مُيَسِّرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ اشْتَرَى زِقَّ زَيْتٍ فَوَجَدَ فِيهِ دُرْدِيّاً قَالَ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ فِي الزَّيْتِ لَمْ يَرُدَّهُ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ فِي الزَّيْتِ رَدَّهُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ.
1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father and Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Abi ‘Umayr and Ali ibn Hadid from Jamil ibn Darraj from Muyassir who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before Abu‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who bought a skin sack of oil and found residue in it. He (the Imam) said, If he knew that the oil had such things in it, he cannot return; but if he did not know that the oil had such things in it he can return it to the owner.”’
2- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ الْخُدْرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي صَادِقٍ قَالَ دَخَلَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) سُوقَ التَّمَّارِينَ فَإِذَا امْرَأَةٌ قَائِمَةٌ تَبْكِي وَهِيَ تُخَاصِمُ رَجُلا تَمَّاراً فَقَالَ لَهَا مَا لَكِ قَالَتْ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اشْتَرَيْتُ مِنْ هَذَا تَمْراً بِدِرْهَمٍ فَخَرَجَ أَسْفَلُهُ رَدِيّاً لَيْسَ مِثْلَ الَّذِي رَأَيْتُ قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُ رُدَّ عَلَيْهَا فَأَبَى حَتَّى قَالَهَا ثَلاثاً فَأَبَى فَعَلاهُ بِالدِّرَّةِ حَتَّى رَدَّ عَلَيْهَا وَكَانَ عَلِيٌّ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) يَكْرَهُ أَنْ يُجَلَّلَ التَّمْرُ.
2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Ibrahim ibn Ishaq al-Khudriy from abu Sadiq who has said the following: “Once ’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), entered the market of the date sellers and saw a standing woman who was crying and disputing with a man who sold dates. He (the Imam) asked her, ‘What is the matter with you?’ She replied, ‘O ’Amir al-Mu’minin, I bought dates from this man for one dirham and underneath it is of bad quality and it is not like what I had seen.’ He (the Imam) told him to return her dirham but he refused until he (the Imam) said it three times, but he refused; then he (the Imam) raised the whip until he returned her dirham. Ali (a.s.), disliked camouflaging dates.’”
The Book of Commerce
Selling Juice and Wine
1- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَأَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ بَيْعِ الْعَصِيرِ فَيَصِيرُ خَمْراً قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْبَضَ الثَّمَنُ قَالَ فَقَالَ لَوْ بَاعَ ثَمَرَتَهُ مِمَّنْ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ يَجْعَلُهُ حَرَاماً لَمْ يَكُنْ بِذَلِكَ بَأْسٌ فَأَمَّا إِذَا كَانَ عَصِيراً فَلا يُبَاعُ إِلا بِالنَّقْدِ.
1. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about selling juice that became wine before receiving the price. He (the Imam) said, ’If he sells fruits to one about whom the seller knows that he turns it into something unlawful, selling is not unlawful. If it is juice then it cannot be sold except for cash.’”
2- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ غُلاماً لَهُ فِي كَرْمٍ لَهُ يَبِيعُهُ عِنَباً أَوْ عَصِيراً فَانْطَلَقَ الْغُلامُ فَعَصَرَ خَمْراً ثُمَّ بَاعَهُ قَالَ لا يَصْلُحُ ثَمَنُهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ رَجُلا مِنْ ثَقِيفٍ أَهْدَى إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) رَاوِيَتَيْنِ مِنْ خَمْرٍ فَأَمَرَ بِهِمَا رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) فَأُهَرِيقَتَا وَقَالَ إِنَّ الَّذِي حَرَّمَ شُرْبَهَا حَرَّمَ ثَمَنَهَا ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) إِنَّ أَفْضَلَ خِصَالِ هَذِهِ الَّتِي بَاعَهَا الْغُلامُ أَنْ يُتَصَدَّقَ بِثَمَنِهَا.
2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Hariz from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “About the case of a man who has a slave whom he has left at a vineyard to sell grapes or juice, but the slave goes and squeezes wine and sells it, abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ’The price received is not useable.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘Once a man from Thaqif presented to the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, two sacks of wine and the Messenger of Allah commanded to throw them away and said, “The One who has prohibited its drinking has prohibited to accept its price also.’” Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), then said, ‘The best thing to do about what this slave has done is to give it as charity.’”
3- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ ثَمَنِ الْعَصِيرِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَغْلِيَ لِمَنْ يَبْتَاعُهُ لِيَطْبُخَهُ أَوْ يَجْعَلَهُ خَمْراً قَالَ إِذَا بِعْتَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَكُونَ خَمْراً وَهُوَ حَلالٌ فَلا بَأْسَ.
3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn abu Hamzah from abu Basir who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the price of juice before it boiled for one who wanted to buy it so he could cook or make wine out of it. He (the Imam) said, ‘If you sell before it is wine and it is lawful, then selling is not unlawful.’”
4- أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ خَلِيفَةَ قَالَ كَرِهَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) بَيْعَ الْعَصِيرِ بِتَأْخِيرٍ.
4. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan from ibn Muskan from Yazid ibn Khalifah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), disliked selling juice for deferred payment.”
5- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ عَنِ الرِّضَا (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ نَصْرَانِيٍّ أَسْلَمَ وَعِنْدَهُ خَمْرٌ وَخَنَازِيرُ وَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ هَلْ يَبِيعُ خَمْرَهُ وَخَنَازِيرَهُ فَيَقْضِيَ دَيْنَهُ فَقَالَ لا.
5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu Najran from Muhammad ibn Sinan from Mu‘awiyah ibn Sa‘d who has said the following: “I once asked al-Rida’ (a.s.), about the case of a Christian man who had become a Muslim and he, in his possession, had wine and pigs and he owed debts; if he could sell the wine and pigs to pay off his debts. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he cannot do so.’”
6- صَفْوَانُ عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَلَبِيِّ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ بَيْعِ عَصِيرِ الْعِنَبِ مِمَّنْ يَجْعَلُهُ حَرَاماً فَقَالَ لا بَأْسَ بِهِ تَبِيعُهُ حَلالا فَيَجْعَلُهُ [ذَاكَ] حَرَاماً فَأَبْعَدَهُ اللهُ وَأَسْحَقَهُ.
6. Safwan has narrated from ibn Muskan from Muhammad al-Halabiy who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about selling grape juice to one who turned it into something unlawful. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful if you sell when it is lawful then he turns it into unlawful; may Allah keep him away and remotely distanced.’”
7- الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) رَجُلٌ أَمَرَ غُلامَهُ أَنْ يَبِيعَ كَرْمَهُ عَصِيراً فَبَاعَهُ خَمْراً ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ بِثَمَنِهِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ أَحَبَّ الأشْيَاءِ إِلَيَّ أَنْ يُتَصَدَّقَ بِثَمَنِهِ.
7. Al-Husayn from Muhammad has narrated from Mu’alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali from Aban from abu Ayyub who has said the following: “I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘A man asks his slave to sell his grapes as grape juice but he sells it as wine; then brings the price to him.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘The most beloved thing to me in this case is to give it (price) as charity.’”
8- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ قَالَ كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَهُ كَرْمٌ أَيَبِيعُ الْعِنَبَ وَالتَّمْرَ مِمَّنْ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ يَجْعَلُهُ خَمْراً أَوْ سَكَراً فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا بَاعَهُ حَلالا فِي الإبَّانِ الَّذِي يَحِلُّ شُرْبُهُ أَوْ أَكْلُهُ فَلا بَأْسَ بِبَيْعِهِ.
8. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from ‘Umar ibn ‘Udhaynah who has said the following: “I once wrote to ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), and asked about the case of a man who had a vineyard; if he could sell grapes and dates to someone who made wine or sugar out of them. He (the Imam) said, ‘He has sold it as lawful when drinking, eating was lawful, thus it is not unlawful.’”
