The Book of Commerce
Buying Slaves
16- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ رِفَاعَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ رَجُلٍ شَارَكَ رَجُلا فِي جَارِيَةٍ لَهُ وَقَالَ إِنْ رَبِحْنَا فِيهَا فَلَكَ نِصْفُ الرِّبْحِ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ وَضِيعَةٌ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ شَيْءٌ فَقَالَ لا أَرَى بِهَذَا بَأْساً إِذَا طَابَتْ نَفْسُ صَاحِبِ الْجَارِيَةِ.
16. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from Rifa’ah who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan, Musa (a.s.), about the case of a man who shares a slave-girl with another man and says, ‘If we made profit half is for you, if it is a loss then there is nothing on you.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘I do not see anything unlawful in it if the owner of the slave-girl agrees without compulsion.’”
17- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الشَّرْطِ فِي الإمَاءِ أَلا تُبَاعَ وَلا تُورَثَ وَلا تُوهَبَ فَقَالَ يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ غَيْرَ الْمِيرَاثِ فَإِنَّهَا تُورَثُ وَكُلُّ شَرْطٍ خَالَفَ كِتَابَ اللهِ فَهُوَ رَدٌّ.
17. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of slave- girls and conditions that say, ‘She must not be sold or transferred in inheritance or given as gift.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is lawful except inheritance; she is inherited. Any condition against the book of Allah is rejected.’”
18- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ عَنْ أَبِي جَمِيلَةَ قَالَ دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فَقَالَ لِي يَا شَابُّ أَيَّ شَيْءٍ تُعَالِجُ فَقُلْتُ الرَّقِيقَ فَقَالَ أُوصِيكَ بِوَصِيَّةٍ فَاحْفَظْهَا لا تَشْتَرِيَنَّ شَيْناً وَلا عَيْباً وَاسْتَوْثِقْ مِنَ الْعُهْدَةِ.
18. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Hamid from abu Jamilah who has said the following: “Once I visited abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), and he asked, ‘Young man, what you do for a living?’ I replied, ‘It is slaves.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘I recommend you so keep my recommendations safe. You must not buy physically or morally defective ones. You must make the guarantees strong and firm.’”
The Book of Commerce
Selling a Slave Who Owns Property
1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) الرَّجُلُ يَشْتَرِي الْمَمْلُوكَ وَلَهُ مَالٌ لِمَنْ مَالُهُ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ عَلِمَ الْبَائِعُ أَنَّ لَهُ مَالا فَهُوَ لِلْمُشْتَرِي وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلِمَ فَهُوَ لِلْبَائِعِ.
1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Jamil ibn Darraj from Zurarah who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who buys a slave who owns assets; to whom such assets belong? He (the Imam) said, Tf the seller knows that the slave owns assets then such assets belong to the buyer but if he does not know then they belong to the seller.’”
2- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَأَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ الْعَلاءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا (عَلَيْهِما السَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ بَاعَ مَمْلُوكاً فَوَجَدَ لَهُ مَالا قَالَ فَقَالَ الْمَالُ لِلْبَائِعِ إِنَّمَا بَاعَ نَفْسَهُ إِلا أَنْ يَكُونَ شَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّ مَا كَانَ لَهُ مِنْ مَالٍ أَوْ مَتَاعٍ فَهُوَ لَهُ.
2. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Ahmad ibn Muhammad all from ibn Mahbub from al-‘Ala’ from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “I once asked one of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about the case of a man who sells a slave and finds out that the slave owns assets. He (the Imam) said, ‘Such assets belong to the seller; he has sold the slave’s person unless it is a condition in the contract of sale that says that whatever assets are there, they belong to him.’”
3- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَدِيدٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ يَشْتَرِي الْمَمْلُوكَ وَمَالَهُ قَالَ لا بَأْسَ بِهِ قُلْتُ فَيَكُونُ مَالُ الْمَمْلُوكِ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا اشْتَرَاهُ بِهِ قَالَ لا بَأْسَ بِهِ.
3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn Hadid from Jamil ibn Darraj from Zurarah who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who buys a slave and his assets. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if the assets of the slave are more than what is paid to buy the slave?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful.’”
The Book of Commerce
Buying Slaves, Finding Defects, Returnable and Non-Returnable
1- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَأَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ فَرْقَدٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى جَارِيَةً مُدْرِكَةً فَلَمْ تَحِضْ عِنْدَهُ حَتَّى مَضَى لَهَا سِتَّةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَلَيْسَ بِهَا حَمْلٌ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ مِثْلُهَا تَحِيضُ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ مِنْ كِبَرٍ فَهَذَا عَيْبٌ تُرَدُّ مِنْهُ.
1. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Ahmad ibn Muhammad all from ibn Mahbub from Malik ibn ‘ Atiyyah from Dawud ibn Farqad who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a slave- girl who is well aware but does not experience Hayd (menses) for six month now with him and she is not pregnant. He (the Imam) said, Tf others similar to her experience and it is not because of old age, it is a defect, because of which she can be returned.’”
2- ابْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ ابْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى جَارِيَةً حُبْلَى وَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِحَبَلِهَا فَوَطِئَهَا قَالَ يَرُدُّهَا عَلَى الَّذِي ابْتَاعَهَا مِنْهُ وَيُرَدُّ عَلَيْهِ نِصْفُ عُشْرِ قِيمَتِهَا لِنِكَاحِهِ إِيَّاهَا وَقَدْ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) لا تُرَدُّ الَّتِي لَيْسَتْ بِحُبْلَى إِذَا وَطِئَهَا صَاحِبُهَا وَيُوضَعُ عَنْهُ مِنْ ثَمَنِهَا بِقَدْرِ عَيْبٍ إِنْ كَانَ فِيهَا.
2. Ibn Mahbub has narrated from ibn Sinan who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who buys a pregnant slave-girl and does not know that she is pregnant so he does sexual intercourse. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must return to the one from whom he has purchased and he must return half of one-tenth of her price because of sexual intercourse. Ali (a.s.), has said, ‘A non- pregnant cannot be returned after the owner does sexual intercourse but proportionate to the defect her price is reduced if there is any defect in her.’”
3- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ لا تُرَدُّ الَّتِي لَيْسَتْ بِحُبْلَى إِذَا وَطِئَهَا صَاحِبُهَا وَلَهُ أَرْشُ الْعَيْبِ وَتُرَدُّ الْحُبْلَى وَتُرَدُّ مَعَهَا نِصْفُ عُشُرِ قِيمَتِهَا وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى إِنْ كَانَتْ بِكْراً فَعُشُرُ ثَمَنِهَا وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ بِكْراً فَنِصْفُ عُشُرِ ثَمَنِهَا.
3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Jamil ibn Salih from ‘Abd al-Malik ibn ‘Umayr who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A non-pregnant slave-girl, after the owner does sexual intercourse cannot be returned but he can demand for loss because of defect. A pregnant one must be returned with half of one-tenth of her price.’” In another Hadith it is said that if she is virgin it is one- tenth of her price and if she is not virgin, it is half of one-tenth of her price.’”
4- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى جَارِيَةً فَوَطِئَهَا ثُمَّ وَجَدَ فِيهَا عَيْباً قَالَ تُقَوَّمُ وَهِيَ صَحِيحَةٌ وَتُقَوَّمُ وَبِهَا الدَّاءُ ثُمَّ يَرُدُّ الْبَائِعُ عَلَى الْمُبْتَاعِ فَضْلَ مَا بَيْنَ الصِّحَّةِ وَالدَّاءِ.
4. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Yahya from Talhah ibn Zayd who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin, in the case of a man who bought a slave-girl and did sexual intercourse with her, then found defect in her, issued a judgment that said, ‘She must be evaluated as perfect as well as defective; then the seller must refund the difference of the two prices to the buyer.’”
