Al-Kāfi

3- وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ جُنْدَبٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) كَانَ يَأْمُرُ فِي كُلِّ مَوْطِنٍ لَقِينَا فِيهِ عَدُوَّنَا فَيَقُولُ لا تُقَاتِلُوا الْقَوْمَ حَتَّى يَبْدَءُوكُمْ فَإِنَّكُمْ بِحَمْدِ اللهِ عَلَى حُجَّةٍ وَتَرْكُكُمْ إِيَّاهُمْ حَتَّى يَبْدَءُوكُمْ حُجَّةٌ لَكُمْ أُخْرَى فَإِذَا هَزَمْتُمُوهُمْ فَلا تَقْتُلُوا مُدْبِراً وَلا تُجْهِزُوا عَلَى جَرِيحٍ وَلا تَكْشِفُوا عَوْرَةً وَلا تُمَثِّلُوا بِقَتِيلٍ.

3. In Hadith narrated from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Jundab from his father who has said the following: “Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), in every battlefield we faced our enemies issued his commandments and said, ‘You must not fight the people before they attack you; you by the grace of Allah possess authority and good cause. Your allowing them to attack you first is another valid point in support of the good cause. When you defeat them you must not pursue the fleeing, you must not hurt the wounded and you must not expose anyone’s privacy.’”

4- وَفِي حَدِيثِ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ قَالَ حَرَّضَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) النَّاسَ بِصِفِّينَ فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ دَلَّكُمْ عَلى‏ تِجارَةٍ تُنْجِيكُمْ مِنْ عَذابٍ أَلِيمٍ وَتُشْفِي بِكُمْ عَلَى الْخَيْرِ الإيمَانِ بِاللهِ وَالْجِهَادِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ وَجَعَلَ ثَوَابَهُ مَغْفِرَةً لِلذَّنْبِ وَمَساكِنَ طَيِّبَةً فِي جَنَّاتِ عَدْنٍ وَقَالَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ إِنَّ اللهَ يُحِبُّ الَّذِينَ يُقاتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيلِهِ صَفًّا كَأَنَّهُمْ بُنْيانٌ مَرْصُوصٌ فَسَوُّوا صُفُوفَكُمْ كَالْبُنْيَانِ الْمَرْصُوصِ فَقَدِّمُوا الدَّارِعَ وَأَخِّرُوا الْحَاسِرَ وَعَضُّوا عَلَى النَّوَاجِدِ فَإِنَّهُ أَنْبَأُ لِلسُّيُوفِ عَلَى الْهَامِ وَالْتَوُوا عَلَى أَطْرَافِ الرِّمَاحِ فَإِنَّهُ أَمْوَرُ لِلأسِنَّةِ وَغُضُّوا الأبْصَارَ فَإِنَّهُ أَرْبَطُ لِلْجَأْشِ وَأَسْكَنُ لِلْقُلُوبِ وَأَمِيتُوا الأصْوَاتَ فَإِنَّهُ أَطْرَدُ لِلْفَشَلِ وَأَوْلَى بِالْوَقَارِ وَلا تَمِيلُوا بِرَايَاتِكُمْ وَلا تُزِيلُوهَا وَلا تَجْعَلُوهَا إِلا مَعَ شُجْعَانِكُمْ فَإِنَّ الْمَانِعَ لِلذِّمَارِ وَالصَّابِرَ عِنْدَ نُزُولِ الْحَقَائِقِ هُمْ أَهْلُ الْحِفَاظِ وَلا تُمَثِّلُوا بِقَتِيلٍ وَإِذَا وَصَلْتُمْ إِلَى رِجَالِ الْقَوْمِ فَلا تَهْتِكُوا سِتْراً وَلا تَدْخُلُوا دَاراً وَلا تَأْخُذُوا شَيْئاً مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ إِلا مَا وَجَدْتُمْ فِي عَسْكَرِهِمْ وَلا تُهَيِّجُوا امْرَأَةً بِأَذًى وَإِنْ شَتَمْنَ أَعْرَاضَكُمْ وَسَبَبْنَ أُمَرَاءَكُمْ وَصُلَحَاءَكُمْ فَإِنَّهُنَّ ضِعَافُ الْقُوَى وَالأنْفُسِ وَالْعُقُولِ وَقَدْ كُنَّا نُؤْمَرُ بِالْكَفِّ عَنْهُنَّ وَهُنَّ مُشْرِكَاتٌ وَإِنْ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ لَيَتَنَاوَلُ الْمَرْأَةَ فَيُعَيَّرُ بِهَا وَعَقِبُهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْحِفَاظِ هُمُ الَّذِينَ يَحُفُّونَ بِرَايَاتِهِمْ وَيَكْتَنِفُونَهَا وَيَصِيرُونَ حِفَافَيْهَا وَوَرَاءَهَا وَأَمَامَهَا وَلا يُضَيِّعُونَهَا لا يَتَأَخَّرُونَ عَنْهَا فَيُسَلِّمُوهَا وَلا يَتَقَدَّمُونَ عَلَيْهَا فَيُفْرِدُوهَا رَحِمَ اللهُ امْرَأً وَاسَى أَخَاهُ بِنَفْسِهِ وَلَمْ يَكِلْ قِرْنَهُ إِلَى أَخِيهِ فَيَجْتَمِعَ قِرْنُهُ وَقِرْنُ أَخِيهِ فَيَكْتَسِبَ بِذَلِكَ اللائِمَةَ وَيَأْتِيَ بِدَنَاءَةٍ وَكَيْفَ لا يَكُونُ كَذَلِكَ وَهُوَ يُقَاتِلُ الاثْنَيْنِ وَهَذَا مُمْسِكٌ يَدَهُ قَدْ خَلَّى قِرْنَهُ عَلَى أَخِيهِ هَارِباً مِنْهُ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ وَهَذَا فَمَنْ يَفْعَلْهُ يَمْقُتْهُ اللهُ فَلا تَعَرَّضُوا لِمَقْتِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فَإِنَّمَا مَمَرُّكُمْ إِلَى اللهِ وَقَدْ قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لَنْ يَنْفَعَكُمُ الْفِرارُ إِنْ فَرَرْتُمْ مِنَ الْمَوْتِ أَوِ الْقَتْلِ وَإِذاً لا تُمَتَّعُونَ إِلا قَلِيلا وَايْمُ اللهِ لَئِنْ فَرَرْتُمْ مِنْ سُيُوفِ الْعَاجِلَةِ لا تَسْلَمُونَ مِنْ سُيُوفِ الآجِلَةِ فَاسْتَعِينُوا بِالصَّبْرِ وَالصِّدْقِ فَإِنَّمَا يَنْزِلُ النَّصْرُ بَعْدَ الصَّبْرِ فَجَاهِدُوا فِي اللهِ حَقَّ جِهَادِهِ وَلا قُوَّةَ إِلا بِاللهِ وَقَالَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) حِينَ مَرَّ بِرَايَةٍ لأهْلِ الشَّامِ أَصْحَابُهَا لا يَزُولُونَ عَنْ مَوَاضِعِهِمْ فَقَالَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) إِنَّهُمْ لَنْ يَزُولُوا عَنْ مَوَاقِفِهِمْ دُونَ طَعْنٍ دِرَاكٍ يَخْرُجُ مِنْهُ النَّسِيمُ وَضَرْبٍ يَفْلِقُ الْهَامَ وَيُطِيحُ الْعِظَامَ وَيَسْقُطُ مِنْهُ الْمَعَاصِمُ وَالأكُفُّ حَتَّى تَصَدَّعَ جِبَاهُهُمْ بِعَمْدِ الْحَدِيدِ وَتَنَثَّرَ حَوَاجِبُهُمْ عَلَى الصُّدُورِ وَالأذْقَانِ أَيْنَ أَهْلُ الصَّبْرِ وَطُلابُ الأجْرِ فَسَارَتْ إِلَيْهِ عِصَابَةٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَعَادَتْ مَيْمَنَتُهُ إِلَى مَوْقِفِهَا وَمَصَافِّهَا وَكَشَفَتْ مَنْ بِإِزَائِهَا فَأَقْبَلَ حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَيْهِمْ وَقَالَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) إِنِّي قَدْ رَأَيْتُ جَوْلَتَكُمْ وَانْحِيَازَكُمْ عَنْ صُفُوفِكُمْ تَحُوزُكُمُ الْجُفَاةُ وَالطُّغَاةُ وَأَعْرَابُ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ وَأَنْتُمْ لَهَامِيمُ الْعَرَبِ وَالسَّنَامُ الأعْظَمُ وَعُمَّارُ اللَّيْلِ بِتِلاوَةِ الْقُرْآنِ وَدَعْوَةِ أَهْلِ الْحَقِّ إِذْ ضَلَّ الْخَاطِئُونَ فَلَوْ لا إِقْبَالُكُمْ بَعْدَ إِدْبَارِكُمْ وَكَرُّكُمْ بَعْدَ انْحِيَازِكُمْ لَوَجَبَ عَلَيْكُمْ مَا يَجِبُ عَلَى الْمُوَلِّي يَوْمَ الزَّحْفِ دُبُرَهُ وَكُنْتُمْ فِيمَا أَرَى مِنَ الْهَالِكِينَ وَلَقَدْ هَوَّنَ عَلَيَّ بَعْضَ وَجْدِي وَشَفَى بَعْضَ حَاجِ صَدْرِي إِذَا رَأَيْتُكُمْ حُزْتُمُوهُمْ كَمَا حَازُوكُمْ فَأَزَلْتُمُوهُمْ عَنْ مَصَافِّهِمْ كَمَا أَزَالُوكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ تَضْرِبُونَهُمْ بِالسُّيُوفِ حَتَّى رَكِبَ أَوَّلُهُمْ آخِرَهُمْ كَالإبِلِ. الْمَطْرُودَةِ الْهِيمِ الآنِّ فَاصْبِرُوا نَزَلَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ السَّكِينَةُ وَثَبَّتَكُمُ اللهُ بِالْيَقِينِ وَلْيَعْلَمِ الْمُنْهَزِمُ بِأَنَّهُ مُسْخِطُ رَبِّهِ وَمُوبِقُ نَفْسِهِ إِنَّ فِي الْفِرَارِ مَوْجِدَةَ اللهِ وَالذُّلَّ اللازِمَ وَالْعَارَ الْبَاقِيَ وَفَسَادَ الْعَيْشِ عَلَيْهِ وَإِنَّ الْفَارَّ لَغَيْرُ مَزِيدٍ فِي عُمُرِهِ وَلا مَحْجُوزٍ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ يَوْمِهِ وَلا يَرْضَى رَبُّهُ وَلَمَوْتُ الرَّجُلِ مَحْقاً قَبْلَ إِتْيَانِ هَذِهِ الْخِصَالِ خَيْرٌ مِنَ الرِّضَا بِالتَّلْبِيسِ بِهَا وَالإقْرَارِ عَلَيْهَا وَفِي كَلامٍ لَهُ آخَرَ وَإِذَا لَقِيتُمْ هَؤُلاءِ الْقَوْمَ غَداً فَلا تُقَاتِلُوهُمْ حَتَّى يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ فَإِذَا بَدَءُوا بِكُمْ فَانْهُدُوا إِلَيْهِمْ وَعَلَيْكُمُ السَّكِينَةَ وَالْوَقَارَ وَعَضُّوا عَلَى الأضْرَاسِ فَإِنَّهُ أَنْبَأُ لِلسُّيُوفِ عَنِ الْهَامِ وَغُضُّوا الأبْصَارَ وَمُدُّوا جِبَاهَ الْخُيُولِ وَوُجُوهَ الرِّجَالِ وَأَقِلُّوا الْكَلامَ فَإِنَّهُ أَطْرَدُ لِلْفَشَلِ وَأَذْهَبُ بِالْوَهَلِ وَوَطِّنُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ عَلَى الْمُبَارَزَةِ وَالْمُنَازَلَةِ وَالْمُجَادَلَةِ وَاثْبُتُوا وَاذْكُرُوا اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ كَثِيراً فَإِنَّ الْمَانِعَ لِلذِّمَارِ عِنْدَ نُزُولِ الْحَقَائِقِ هُمْ أَهْلُ الْحِفَاظِ الَّذِينَ يَحُفُّونَ بِرَايَاتِهِمْ وَيَضْرِبُونَ حَافَتَيْهَا وَأَمَامَهَا وَإِذَا حَمَلْتُمْ فَافْعَلُوا فِعْلَ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ وَعَلَيْكُمْ بِالتَّحَامِي فَإِنَّ الْحَرْبَ سِجَالٌ لا يَشُدُّونَ عَلَيْكُمْ كَرَّةً بَعْدَ فَرَّةٍ وَلا حَمْلَةً بَعْدَ جَوْلَةٍ وَمَنْ أَلْقَى إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَمَ فَاقْبَلُوا مِنْهُ وَاسْتَعِينُوا بِالصَّبْرِ فَإِنَّ بَعْدَ الصَّبْرِ النَّصْرَ مِنَ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ إِنَّ الأرْضَ للهِ يُورِثُها مَنْ يَشاءُ مِنْ عِبادِهِ وَالْعاقِبَةُ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ.

4. In a Hadith from Malik ibn A’yan the following is narrated: “In the battle of Siffin, Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), encouraging people said, ‘Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, has shown you a bargain and a deal which will save you from the painful torment. Belief in Allah and Jihad for the cause of Allah bring you very close to goodness. He makes your reward to be forgiveness of your sins and fine dwellings in paradise of Eden. Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, has said, “Allah certainly loves those who fight for His cause and stand firm as solid and strong structures.” (61:4) ‘You must form yourselves in straight lines like solid and strong structures. Allow those with coats of arms to be in front and those without it to be the next. You must fix your back-teeth against each other; it makes the sword strike harder on the head of the enemy. Launch your spears, they move swiftly. Look with a lower angle; it ties down excitement and relaxes the heart. Silence voices; it keeps failure away and it is better for dignity. You must not allow your banners to incline and you must not remove them. You must not allow anyone other than brave people to carry them. The defenders of what is very important, who can exercise patience in difficult conditions, deserve to be the protectors. You must not mutilate those who are killed, and when you reach the men of the enemy you must not expose privacies, you must not enter any house, you must not take anything of their properties except what you find with their army. You must not disturb any woman with mistreatment; and if they use bad words against your honor, men, virtuous ones among you, it is because they suffer from physical, psychological and intellectual weakness. We were ordered to hold our hands back from them and they were pagan women. If a man would take upon women this would remain a flaw in him and in his descendants after him. You must take notice, people capable of protecting important matters deserve to carry the banner to provide it protection and others walk on the sides, behind and in front of them, and they must not lose sight of it (the banner) and must not remain far behind nor must they go far ahead to become separated. I pray to Allah to grant blessings to one who cooperates with his brother (in faith) with his person. One should not leave his peer against his brother so that his peer and his brother fight. This brings regret and humiliation. This inevitably becomes his (enemy’s) fight against two people if he holds his hands back and has left his peer alone against his brother and has run away. He just looks to him and this one. If one does it he has angered Allah. You must not expose yourselves to the anger of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious. “Running away does not benefit you even if you run away from death, or from being killed, because thereafter you will not benefit more than very little.” (33:16) I swear by Allah, if you run away from the swords nearby, you will not escape from the swords later on. You must seek help by exercising patience and truthfulness. Victory comes only after exercising patience. You must do Jihad for the cause of Allah, the way Jihad should be done and there is no power without Allah.’ “He (the Imam) (a.s.), passed by the banner of the people of al-Sham and found them holding their position. He said, ‘They will not move from their position without a blow which is hard and expels the soul out, and a blow that splits the skull, crushes the bones and makes the arms and the hands to fall off so that their forehead is crushed by the iron bars, their eyebrows scatter over their chest and chin. Where are people of patience and seekers of reward?’ A group of the Muslims marched to them. The right flank of this group returned back to the center and exposed those opposite to them. He (a.s.), moved forward until he reached them and said, ‘I saw your attack and retreat away from your positioned lines. It was your moving that provided a chance for the unjust and tyrants of al-Sham. You are the top most among Arab and the great peak, the beauty of the nights because of your recitations of the Holy Quran and the callers from among the people of the truth, while the sinners are lost. Were it not for your advance after your retreat and your regrouping after giving way to the enemy, you could have become subject to what those fleeing from the enemy during an advancing operation need to face for turning their backs to the enemy. I would find you of those being destroyed. My concerns are to a small degree reduced and my chest to a small degree is comforted. This happened when I saw you gain the ground over them as they had against you and you were able to remove them from their positions as they had done to you. I saw you strike them with your sword until their first line was toppled over the last line like the camel driven away. You must exercise patience. Comfort has come upon you and Allah has made you steadfast with certainty, so that the defeated notice that he is making his Lord angry. He hates his own self. In fleeing from the battle there is the anger of Allah, the inevitable humiliation, and a remaining stigma and destruction of ways of one’s living. There is no increase in the longevity of life of the fleeing person, no barrier between him and his day of death, and his Lord does not become happy with him. One’s death with truthfulness before achieving such characteristics is better than remaining with them and dwelling upon them.’ “In another of his speech he (a.s.), has said, ‘When you face these people (the enemy) tomorrow do not fight them before they attack you. When they attack you then rise against them. You must remain calm and dignified. You must fix your backside teeth against the teeth of opposite side. It delivers a harder hit on the skulls. Keep your eyes lower and look at the foreheads of the horses and the faces of men. Reduce your speech; it keeps failure and argumentations away. You must settle your souls up facing the enemy openly, to advance and to attack. You must remain steadfast and speak of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, very often. One who protects what is important in difficult times is of the protecting people who keep their banner on the side and others walk on its sides and in front. When you attack do it with such coordination as if it is one man’s attack. You must be protective; war is bitter. You must not allow them (enemy) to attack you after retreat or to advance to you after an unpredictable move. If one surrenders, accept it from him. Seek help from exercising patience; victory from Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, follows exercising patience. Allah’s servants will inherit the earth and the good end belongs to those who maintain piety before Allah.’”

5- أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْكُوفِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ جُمْهُورٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ مُفَضَّلِ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الأصَمِّ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) لأصْحَابِهِ إِذَا لَقِيتُمْ عَدُوَّكُمْ فِي الْحَرْبِ فَأَقِلُّوا الْكَلامَ وَاذْكُرُوا اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَلا تُوَلُّوهُمُ الأدْبَارَ فَتُسْخِطُوا اللهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى وَتَسْتَوْجِبُوا غَضَبَهُ وَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ مِنْ إِخْوَانِكُمُ الْمَجْرُوحَ وَمَنْ قَدْ نُكِّلَ بِهِ أَوْ مَنْ قَدْ طَمِعَ عَدُوُّكُمْ فِيهِ فَقُوهُ بِأَنْفُسِكُمْ.

5. Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Kufiy has narrated from ibn Jumhur from his father from Muhammad ibn Sinan from Mufaddai ibn ‘Umar Aiso ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman al-Asamm has narrated from Hariz from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), has said to his companions, ‘When you face the enemy during a war you must reduce your speech, remember Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, very often. You must not turn your backs to them; Allah, the most Blessed, the most High, becomes angry with you and you will become subject to His anger. If you see one of your brother wounded or one who is captured by the enemy or the enemy is about to harm him, you must protect him with your persons.’”

1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي السَّبِيِّ يَأْخُذُهُ الْعَدُوُّ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي الْقِتَالِ مِنْ أَوْلادِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَوْ مِنْ مَمَالِيكِهِمْ فَيَحُوزُونَهُمْ ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بَعْدُ قَاتَلُوهُمْ فَظَفِرُوا بِهِمْ وَسَبَوْهُمْ وَأَخَذُوا مِنْهُمْ مَا أَخَذُوا مِنْ مَمَالِيكِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَأَوْلادِهِمُ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا أَخَذُوهُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ كَيْفَ يُصْنَعُ بِمَا كَانُوا أَخَذُوهُ مِنْ أَوْلادِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَمَمَالِيكِهِمْ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَمَّا أَوْلادُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَلا يُقَامُونَ فِي سِهَامِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَلَكِنْ يُرَدُّونَ إِلَى أَبِيهِمْ أَوْ أَخِيهِمْ أَوْ إِلَى وَلِيِّهِمْ بِشُهُودٍ وَأَمَّا الْمَمَالِيكُ فَإِنَّهُمْ يُقَامُونَ فِي سِهَامِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَيُبَاعُونَ وَيُعْطَى مَوَالِيهِمْ قِيمَةَ أَثْمَانِهِمْ مِنْ بَيْتِ مَالِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ.

1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from Hisham ibn Salim from certain individuals of his people who has said the following: “Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the Muslim prisoners, their children or servants (slaves), taken by the enemy who were afterwards rescued after a victorious fight, how should they be dealt with, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The children of the Muslims do not become the share of the Muslims. They are returned to their parents, or brothers, or their guardian in the presence of witnesses. The slaves however become of the share of the Muslims. They are purchased with money from public treasury and their price is given to their owners.’”

2- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَقِيَهُ الْعَدُوُّ وَأَصَابَ مِنْهُ مَالا أَوْ مَتَاعاً ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَصَابُوا ذَلِكَ كَيْفَ يُصْنَعُ بِمَتَاعِ الرَّجُلِ فَقَالَ إِذَا كَانَ أَصَابُوهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَحُوزُوإ؛ مَتَاعَ الرَّجُلِ رُدَّ عَلَيْهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ أَصَابُوهُ بَعْدَ مَا حَازُوهُ فَهُوَ فَيْ‏ءٌ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ وَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِالشُّفْعَةِ.

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Um ay r from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who is captured by the enemy with his properties. Then the Muslims captured him. ‘How should they deal with his properties?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘If they capture him before the enemies secure for themselves his properties, they should be returned to him. If they capture him after the enemies secure for themselves his properties, such properties become as Fay’ for the Muslims and he deserves the right of having priority (al-Shuf’ ah) to purchase them before anyone else does.’”

1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) جَيْشاً إِلَى خَثْعَمٍ فَلَمَّا غَشِيَهُمُ اسْتَعْصَمُوا بِالسُّجُودِ فَقُتِلَ بَعْضُهُمْ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) فَقَالَ أَعْطُوا الْوَرَثَةَ نِصْفَ الْعَقْلِ بِصَلاتِهِمْ وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) أَلا إِنِّي بَرِي‏ءٌ مِنْ كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ نَزَلَ مَعَ مُشْرِكٍ فِي دَارِ الْحَرْبِ.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father, from af-Nawfafiy from af-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that once, the Messenger of Allah dispatched an army against the KhatlTam. When this army was overpowered by the enemy they sought protection by performing prostration. Certain ones among them were killed. When the news reached the Holy Prophet he said, ‘You must pay half of the amount of compensation for their lives because of their prayer.’ The Holy Prophet said, ‘I certainly denounce one who is a Muslim and yet goes to reside in the war zone with the pagans.’”

1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ وَهْبٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) السَّرِيَّةُ يَبْعَثُهَا الإمَامُ فَيُصِيبُونَ غَنَائِمَ كَيْفَ تُقْسَمُ قَالَ إِنْ قَاتَلُوا عَلَيْهَا مَعَ أَمِيرٍ أَمَّرَهُ الإمَامُ عَلَيْهِمْ أُخْرِجَ مِنْهَا الْخُمُسُ للهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَقُسِمَ بَيْنَهُمْ أَرْبَعَةُ أَخْمَاسٍ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُونُوا قَاتَلُوا عَلَيْهَا الْمُشْرِكِينَ كَانَ كُلُّ مَا غَنِمُوا لِلإمَامِ يَجْعَلُهُ حَيْثُ أَحَبَّ.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn Mahbub from Mu‘awiyah ibn Wahab who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘The Imam dispatches a small armed group against the enemy and they capture properties from the enemy. How should they distribute it?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘If they fight under the command of a commander appointed by the Imam they should keep aside one-fifth thereof and distribute the rest among themselves. If they have not fought the pagans, then all that they have captured belongs to the Imam who distributes as he finds proper.”’

2- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَعَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ قَالَ كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ بَعْضُ إِخْوَانِي أَنْ أَسْأَلَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ مَسَائِلَ مِنَ السُّنَنِ فَسَأَلْتُهُ أَوْ كَتَبْتُ بِهَا إِلَيْهِ فَكَانَ فِيمَا سَأَلْتُهُ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الْجَيْشِ إِذَا غَزَا أَرْضَ الْحَرْبِ فَغَنِمُوا غَنِيمَةً ثُمَّ لَحِقَهُمْ جَيْشٌ آخَرُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْرُجُوا إِلَى دَارِ السَّلامِ وَلَمْ يَلْقَوْا عَدُوّاً حَتَّى خَرَجُوا إِلَى دَارِ السَّلامِ هَلْ يُشَارِكُونَهُمْ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ وَعَنْ سَرِيَّةٍ كَانُوا فِي سَفِينَةٍ وَلَمْ يَرْكَبْ صَاحِبُ الْفَرَسِ فَرَسَهُ كَيْفَ تُقْسَمُ الْغَنِيمَةُ بَيْنَهُمْ فَقَالَ لِلْفَارِسِ سَهْمَانِ وَلِلرَّاجِلِ سَهْمٌ فَقُلْتُ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَرْكَبُوا وَلَمْ يُقَاتِلُوا عَلَى أَفْرَاسِهِمْ فَقَالَ أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ كَانُوا فِي عَسْكَرٍ فَتُقَدَّمُ الرُّجَّالُ فَقَاتَلُوا وَغَنِمُوإ؛ كَيْفَ كَانَ يُقْسَمُ بَيْنَهُمْ أَلَمْ أَجْعَلْ لِلْفَارِسِ سَهْمَيْنِ وَلِلرَّاجِلِ سَهْماً وَهُمُ الَّذِينَ غَنِمُوا دُونَ الْفُرْسَانِ.

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from and Ali ibn Muhammad all have narrated from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad from Sulayman ibn Dawud from Hafs ibn Ghiyath who has said the following: “Certain ones of my brothers wrote to me to ask abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about certain issue of tradition and I then wrote to the Imam. Of such question one was as follows. ‘An army during a war captures certain amount of properties therein. Thereafter another army arrives and joins them before their coming out of the war zone. They do not face any enemy before returning to peaceful zone. Can the second army share in the captured properties?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘Yes, they can share.’ Another question was about an army in the ship where the horse owners do not use their horses. How do they distribute the properties captured from the enemy?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘The share of the owner of horses is twice as much as that of those on foot.’ I then asked, ‘Even if they have not done any fighting when riding their horses?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘Suppose if they are in an army and people on foot move first, fight and capture properties. How would they distribute the properties?’ Is not the share of people with horses twice as much as the share of the people on foot who are the ones who had captured the properties and not the people who had horses?”’

3- أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ النَّضْرِ عَنْ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) إِذَا كَانَ مَعَ الرَّجُلِ أَفْرَاسٌ فِي الْغَزْوِ لَمْ يُسْهَمْ لَهُ إِلا لِفَرَسَيْنِ مِنْهَا.

3. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn Salim from Ahmad ibn al-Al-Nadr ibn al-Suwayd from al-Husayn ibn ‘Abd Allah from his father from his grandfather who has said the following: “If a person had many horses during a war Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), would give him the shares for two of his horses only.”

4- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ يُؤْخَذُ الْخُمُسُ مِنَ الْغَنَائِمِ فَيُجْعَلُ لِمَنْ جَعَلَهُ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَيُقْسَمُ أَرْبَعَةُ أَخْمَاسٍ بَيْنَ مَنْ قَاتَلَ عَلَيْهِ وَوَلِيَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ وَلِلإمَامِ صَفْوُ الْمَالِ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ الْجَارِيَةَ الْفَارِهَةَ وَالدَّابَّةَ الْفَارِهَةَ وَالثَّوْبَ وَالْمَتَاعَ مِمَّا يُحِبُّ وَيَشْتَهِي فَذَلِكَ لَهُ قَبْلَ قِسْمَةِ الْمَالِ وَقَبْلَ إِخْرَاجِ الْخُمُسِ قَالَ وَلَيْسَ لِمَنْ قَاتَلَ شَيْ‏ءٌ مِنَ الأرَضِينَ وَلا مَا غَلَبُوا عَلَيْهِ إِلا مَا احْتَوَى عَلَيْهِ الْعَسْكَرُ وَلَيْسَ لِلأعْرَابِ مِنَ الْغَنِيمَةِ شَيْ‏ءٌ وَإِنْ قَاتَلُوا مَعَ الإمَامِ لأنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) صَالَحَ الأعْرَابَ أَنْ يَدَعَهُمْ فِي دِيَارِهِمْ وَلا يُهَاجِرُوا عَلَى أَنَّهُ إِنْ دَهِمَ رَسُولَ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) مِنْ عَدُوِّهِ دَهْمٌ أَنْ يَسْتَفِزَّهُمْ فَيُقَاتِلَ بِهِمْ وَلَيْسَ لَهُمْ فِي الْغَنِيمَةِ نَصِيبٌ وَسُنَّةٌ جَارِيَةٌ فِيهِمْ وَفِي غَيْرِهِمْ وَالأرْضُ الَّتِي أُخِذَتْ عَنْوَةً بِخَيْلٍ أَوْ رِكَابٍ فَهِيَ مَوْقُوفَةٌ مَتْرُوكَةٌ فِي يَدَيْ مَنْ يَعْمُرُهَا وَ يُحْيِيهَا وَيَقُومُ عَلَيْهَا عَلَى مَا يُصَالِحُهُمُ الْوَالِي عَلَى قَدْرِ طَاقَتِهِمْ مِنَ الْحَقِّ النِّصْفِ وَالثُّلُثِ وَالثُّلُثَيْنِ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا يَكُونُ لَهُمْ صَالِحاً وَلا يَضُرُّهُمْ.

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad from certain individuals of his people from abu al-Hassan (a.s.), who has said the following: “One fifth of the properties captured is first kept aside to distribute as Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, has instructed. The remaining properties are distributed among those who have taken part in the war in which the properties were captured and are the authority thereof. He (the Imam) said, ‘The Imam has the right to have the best from such properties, the best slave-girls and the best animals, the best cloths and other items which are liked and desired for. Such items are for him (the Imam) before the distribution and before the deduction of the one-fifth. He (the Imam) then said, ‘There is nothing for the fighters of the land and not even of that on which they have defeated the enemy except that much which contains the army. The Arabs do not have any share in the properties captured in the war even if they are of the fighters alongside the Imam. It is because the Messenger of Allah had made a treaty with them which said that they can live in their land and do not migrate. In exchange, they must mobilize against those of the enemies who may attack the Messenger of Allah and fight them and will not have any share in the properties captured from the enemy. It is a tradition established in them and others. “The land which is taken by force and means such as mules and other means are of endowment that is left alone in the hands of those who revive them. They reach a settlement with governing authority on the basis of their abilities to pay back such as half, one-third or two-thirds and so on so that they can benefit and do not suffer losses.’”