Al-Kāfi

8- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ نُوحٍ عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الشَّاةِ بِالشَّاتَيْنِ وَالْبَيْضَةِ بِالْبَيْضَتَيْنِ قَالَ لا بَأْسَ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ كَيْلا أَوْ وَزْناً.

8. Muhammad ibn Yahya and others have narrated from Muhammad Ahmad from Ayyub ibn Nuh from al-‘ Abbas ibn ‘Amir from Dawud ibn al-Husayn from Mansur who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about exchange of one sheep for two sheep, one egg for two eggs. He (the Imam) said, ’It is not harmful as long as it is not in measures and weighing.’”

9- حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ ادْفَعْ إِلَيَّ غَنَمَكَ وَإِبِلَكَ تَكُونُ مَعِي فَإِذَا وَلَدَتْ أَبْدَلْتُ لَكَ إِنْ شِئْتَ إِنَاثَهَا بِذُكُورِهَا أَوْ ذُكُورَهَا بِإِنَاثِهَا فَقَالَ إِنَّ ذَلِكَ فِعْلٌ مَكْرُوهٌ إِلا أَنْ يُبْدِلَهَا بَعْدَ مَا تُولَدُ وَيُعَرِّفَهَا.

9. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Muhammad from Ja’far ibn Sama‘ah from Aban ibn ‘Uthman from ‘Isma’il ibn al-Fadl who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who says to another man, ‘Send your sheep and camels to be kept and when they give birth, if you like, I will exchange their male with female or vice versa.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is a detestable act unless the exchange takes place after they give birth and he knows them, which is which.’”

1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ رِجَالِهِ ذَكَرَهُ قَالَ الذَّهَبُ بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةُ بِالْفِضَّةِ وَزْناً بِوَزْنٍ سَوَاءً لَيْسَ لِبَعْضِهِ فَضْلٌ عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَتُبَاعُ الْفِضَّةُ بِالذَّهَبِ وَالذَّهَبُ بِالْفِضَّةِ كَيْفَ شِئْتَ يَداً بِيَدٍ وَلا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ وَلا تَحِلُّ النَّسِيئَةُ وَالذَّهَبُ وَالْفِضَّةُ يُبَاعَانِ بِمَا سِوَاهُمَا مِنْ وَزْنٍ أَوْ كَيْلٍ أَوْ عَدَدٍ أَوْ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ يَداً بِيَدٍ وَنَسِيئَةً جَمِيعاً لا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ وَمَا كِيلَ أَوْ وُزِنَ مِمَّا أَصْلُهُ وَاحِدٌ فَلَيْسَ لِبَعْضِهِ فَضْلٌ عَلَى بَعْضٍ كَيْلا بِكَيْلٍ أَوْ وَزْناً بِوَزْنٍ فَإِذَا اخْتَلَفَ أَصْلُ مَا يُكَالُ فَلا بَأْسَ بِهِ اثْنَانِ بِوَاحِدٍ يَداً بِيَدٍ وَيُكْرَهُ نَسِيئَةً [فَإِنِ اخْتَلَفَ أَصْلُ مَا يُوزَنُ فَلَيْسَ بِهِ بَأْسٌ اثْنَانِ بِوَاحِدٍ يَداً بِيَدٍ وَيُكْرَهُ نَسِيئَةً] وَمَا كِيلَ بِمَا وُزِنَ فَلا بَأْسَ بِهِ يَداً بِيَدٍ وَنَسِيئَةً جَمِيعاً لا بَأْسَ بِهِ وَمَا عُدَّ عَدَداً وَلَمْ يُكَلْ وَلَمْ يُوزَنْ فَلا بَأْسَ بِهِ اثْنَانِ بِوَاحِدٍ يَداً بِيَدٍ وَيُكْرَهُ نَسِيئَةً وَقَالَ إِذَا كَانَ أَصْلُهُ وَاحِداً وَإِنِ اخْتَلَفَ أَصْلُ مَا يُعَدُّ فَلا بَأْسَ بِهِ اثْنَانِ بِوَاحِدٍ يَداً بِيَدٍ وَنَسِيئَةً جَمِيعاً لا بَأْسَ بِهِ وَمَا عُدَّ أَوْ لَمْ يُعَدَّ فَلا بَأْسَ بِهِ بِمَا يُكَالُ أَوْ بِمَا يُوزَنُ يَداً بِيَدٍ وَنَسِيئَةً جَمِيعاً لا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ وَمَا كَانَ أَصْلُهُ وَاحِداً وَكَانَ يُكَالُ أَوْ يُوزَنُ فَخَرَجَ مِنْهُ شَيْ‏ءٌ لا يُكَالُ وَلا يُوزَنُ فَلا بَأْسَ بِهِ يَداً بِيَدٍ وَيُكْرَهُ نَسِيئَةً وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْقُطْنَ وَالْكَتَّانَ أَصْلُهُ يُوزَنُ وَغَزْلُهُ يُوزَنُ وَثِيَابُهُ لا تُوزَنُ فَلَيْسَ لِلْقُطْنِ فَضْلٌ عَلَى الْغَزْلِ وَأَصْلُهُ وَاحِدٌ فَلا يَصْلُحُ إِلا مِثْلا بِمِثْلٍ وَوَزْناً بِوَزْنٍ فَإِذَا صُنِعَ مِنْهُ الثِّيَابُ صَلَحَ يَداً بِيَدٍ وَالثِّيَابُ لا بَأْسَ الثَّوْبَانِ بِالثَّوْبِ وَإِنْ كَانَ أَصْلُهُ وَاحِداً يَداً بِيَدٍ وَيُكْرَهُ نَسِيئَةً وَإِذَا كَانَ قُطْنٌ وَكَتَّانٌ فَلا بَأْسَ بِهِ اثْنَانِ بِوَاحِدٍ يَداً بِيَدٍ وَيُكْرَهُ نَسِيئَةً وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الثِّيَابُ قُطْناً وَكَتَّاناً فَلا بَأْسَ بِهِ اثْنَانِ بِوَاحِدٍ يَداً بِيَدٍ وَنَسِيئَةً كِلاهُمَا لا بَأْسَ بِهِ وَلا بَأْسَ بِثِيَابِ الْقُطْنِ وَالْكَتَّانِ بِالصُّوفِ يَداً بِيَدٍ وَنَسِيئَةً وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ حَيَوَانٍ فَلا بَأْسَ بِهِ اثْنَانِ بِوَاحِدٍ وَإِنْ كَانَ أَصْلُهُ وَاحِداً يَداً بِيَدٍ وَيُكْرَهُ نَسِيئَةً وَإِذَا اخْتَلَفَ أَصْلُ الْحَيَوَانِ فَلا بَأْسَ اثْنَانِ بِوَاحِدٍ يَداً بِيَدٍ وَيُكْرَهُ نَسِيئَةً وَإِذَا كَانَ حَيَوَانٌ بِعَرْضٍ فَتَعَجَّلْتَ الْحَيَوَانَ وَأَنْسَأْتَ الْعَرْضَ فَلا بَأْسَ بِهِ وَإِنْ تَعَجَّلْتَ الْعَرْضَ وَأَنْسَأْتَ الْحَيَوَانَ فَهُوَ مَكْرُوهٌ وَإِذَا بِعْتَ حَيَوَاناً بِحَيَوَانٍ أَوْ زِيَادَةِ دِرْهَمٍ أَوْ عَرْضٍ فَلا بَأْسَ وَلا بَأْسَ أَنْ تَعَجَّلَ الْحَيَوَانَ وَتُنْسِئَ الدَّرَاهِمَ وَالدَّارُ بِالدَّارَيْنِ وَجَرِيبُ أَرْضٍ بِجَرِيبَيْنِ لا بَأْسَ بِهِ يَداً بِيَدٍ وَيُكْرَهُ نَسِيئَةً قَالَ وَلا يُنْظَرُ فِيمَا يُكَالُ وَيُوزَنُ إِلا إِلَى الْعَامَّةِ وَلا يُؤْخَذُ فِيهِ بِالْخَاصَّةِ فَإِنْ كَانَ قَوْمٌ يَكِيلُونَ اللَّحْمَ وَيَكِيلُونَ الْجَوْزَ فَلا يُعْتَبَرُ بِهِمْ لأنَّ أَصْلَ اللَّحْمِ أَنْ يُوزَنَ وَأَصْلَ الْجَوْزِ أَنْ يُعَدَّ.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his narrators whom he has mentioned the following: “Exchange of gold for gold, silver for silver by weight in equal quantities is balanced. One does not have preference over the other. Silver can be exchanged for gold and gold can be exchanged for silver as you like in a hand in hand transaction and it is not harmful but it is not lawful on credit. Gold and silver can be sold in exchange for other things which are exchanged by weighing or measuring or numbering in a hand in hand transaction, and on credit all of such deals are not harmful. Things exchanged by measure or weight which are of the same origin do not have any preference over the other in measuring or weighing. If they are of different origins and are of things measured, it is not harmful to exchange two for one in a hand in hand deal but it is Makruh (detestable) on credit. Things of different origin which are exchanged by weight can be exchanged two for one in a hand in hand deal but on credit is Makruh (detestable). The exchange of things measured for what is weighed is not harmful in a hand in hand deal and on credit as well. The exchange of things numbered and not measured or weighed is not harmful if it is two for one in a hand in hand deal but it is Makruh (detestable) on credit. “He (Ali ibn Ibrahim) has said that this is if the origin is the same. If the origin of things numbered is different, then, it is not harmful to exchange two for one in a hand in hand deal or on credit as well, it all is not harmful. The exchange of things numbered or not numbered for what is measured or weighed in a hand in hand transaction or on credit is not harmful at all. Of things of the same origin and measured or weighed if then something comes out that is not measured or weighed, it is not harmful to exchange them in a hand in hand deal but it is Makruh (detestable) on credit. It is because cotton and al-Kattan originally are weighed and its yarn is weighed but fabrics are not weighed so cotton has no preference over yarn and its origin is one; so it is not valid unless it is in equal quantities by the same weight. When fabric is made out of it then in a hand in hand deal it is valid. In the case of fabrics it is valid to exchange one cloth for two cloths even though its origin is one in a hand in hand deal but it is Makruh (detestable) on credit. If it is cotton and al-Kattan then it is not harmful to exchange two for one in a hand in hand deal and it is Makruh on credit. If it is fabric of cotton and al-Kattan, it is not harmful to exchange two for one in a hand in hand deal or on credit; both deals are permissible. It is not harmful to exchange cotton and al-Kattan for wool in a hand in hand deal and on credit. The exchange of things from animals is not harmful if it is two for one, even if of one origin, in a hand in hand deal but it is Makruh (detestable) on credit. If the animals are of different origins it is not harmful to exchange two for one in a hand and hand deal but it is Makruh on credit. If animals are exchanged for goods and you take delivery of animal and leave the goods on credit, it is not harmful. If you take delivery of the goods and leave the animal it is Makruh (detestable). It is not harmful if you sell the animal in exchange for animal in addition with dirham also or goods. If you take delivery of animal and leave dirham on credit or one house for two houses, one Jirib of land for two Jirib of land it is not harmful in a hand in hand deal but it is Makruh (detestable) on credit. “He (Ali ibn Ibrahim) has said, the case of goods exchanged by measuring or weighing standard is the one which is common, not a special one, such as if a people measure meat and almonds it is not taken as standard because originally meat is weighed and almonds are counted in numbers. ”” (According to Mir’at al-‘Uqul the above is fatwa of Ali ibn Ibrahim or his Shaykhs which is very strange to happen from people like him)

1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ مَا كَانَ مِنْ طَعَامٍ سَمَّيْتَ فِيهِ كَيْلا فَلا يَصْلُحُ مُجَازَفَةً هَذَا مِمَّا يُكْرَهُ مِنْ بَيْعِ الطَّعَامِ.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘In the case of foodstuff of known measurement venturous estimation is not valid and it is of undesirable matters in the case of foodstuff.”’

2- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ عَلَى الآخَرِ مِائَةُ كُرِّ تَمْرٍ وَلَهُ نَخْلٌ فَيَأْتِيهِ فَيَقُولُ أَعْطِنِي نَخْلَكَ هَذَا بِمَا عَلَيْكَ فَكَأَنَّهُ كَرِهَهُ قَالَ وَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلَيْنِ يَكُونُ بَيْنَهُمَا النَّخْلُ فَيَقُولُ أَحَدُهُمَا لِصَاحِبِهِ إِمَّا أَنْ تَأْخُذَ هَذَا النَّخْلَ بِكَذَا وَكَذَا كَيْلا مُسَمًّى أَوْ تُعْطِيَنِي نِصْفَ هَذَا الْكَيْلِ إِمَّا زَادَ أَوْ نَقَصَ وَإِمَّا أَنْ آخُذَهُ أَنَا بِذَلِكَ قَالَ نَعَمْ لا بَأْسَ بِهِ.

2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Safwan from Ya’qub ibn Shu’ayb who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man to whom another man owes one hundred kur of dates and he has palm trees. He comes and says, ‘Give to me your palm trees for what you owe to me.’ It seemed as if he (the Imam) disliked it. I then asked about two men who have palm trees. One of them says to the other, ‘You can take the trees for such and such amount and give to me one-half more or less or I take the trees with the same condition. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful.’”

3- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْجَوْزِ لا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَعُدَّ فَيُكَالُ بِمِكْيَالٍ فَيُعَدُّ مَا فِيهِ ثُمَّ يُكَالُ مَا بَقِيَ عَلَى حِسَابِ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْعَدَدِ فَقَالَ لا بَأْسَ بِهِ.

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about walnuts that cannot be counted. The owner weighs a certain measurement, then counts the rest according to that measurement. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful.’”

4- حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَشْتَرِي بَيْعاً فِيهِ كَيْلٌ أَوْ وَزْنٌ يُعَيِّرُهُ ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُهُ عَلَى نَحْوِ مَا فِيهِ قَالَ لا بَأْسَ بِهِ.

4. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Muhammad ibn Sama‘ah from those whom he has mentioned from Aban ibn ‘Uthman from ‘Abd al- Rahman ibn abu ‘Abd Allah who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who buys something which is sold by measure or weight and takes it according to that standard. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful.’”

5- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ عِيصِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَهُ نَعَمٌ يَبِيعُ أَلْبَانَهَا بِغَيْرِ كَيْلٍ قَالَ نَعَمْ حَتَّى يَنْقَطِعَ أَوْ شَيْ‏ءٌ مِنْهَا.

5. Muhammad ibn ‘Isma’il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Safwan ibn Yahya from ‘Is ibn al-Qasim who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who has cattle; if he can sell their milk without measurement. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he can do so until it stops (coming through the udder) or something similar.’”

6- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ أَخِيهِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ زُرْعَةَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اللَّبَنِ يُشْتَرَى وَهُوَ فِي الضَّرْعِ قَالَ لا إِلا أَنْ يَحْلُبَ لَكَ سُكُرُّجَةً فَيَقُولَ اشْتَرِ مِنِّي هَذَا اللَّبَنَ الَّذِي فِي السُّكُرُّجَةِ وَمَا فِي ضُرُوعِهَا بِثَمَنٍ مُسَمًّى فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي الضُّرُوعِ شَيْ‏ءٌ كَانَ مَا فِي السُّكُرُّجَةِ.

6. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from his brother al-Hassan from Zurarah from Sanaa ‘ah who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), if milk which still is in the udder can be purchased. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, until it is milked in al-Sukurrujah (a bowl) and the seller can say, “Buy what is in al-Sukurruajah and that which is in the udder for the named price” and if there is nothing in the udder that which is in al-Sukurruajah is what is sold.’”

7- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَشْتَرِي مِائَةَ رَاوِيَةٍ مِنْ زَيْتٍ فَأَعْرِضُ رَاوِيَةً وَاثْنَتَيْنِ فَأَزِنُهُمَا ثُمَّ آخُذُ سَائِرَهُ عَلَى قَدْرِ ذَلِكَ قَالَ لا بَأْسَ.

7. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Safwan from abu Sa‘id from ‘Abd al-Malik ibn ‘Amr who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about buying a hundred Rawiyah (a certain unit of measurement) of oil, then weigh one or two Rawiyah then accept the rest according to such weighing. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful.’”