The Book of Commerce
Exchange of One Kind of Food Items for another Kind
6- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي رَجُلٍ قَالَ لآخَرَ بِعْنِي ثَمَرَةَ نَخْلِكَ هَذَا الَّذِي فِيهِ بِقَفِيزَيْنِ مِنْ تَمْرٍ أَوْ أَقَلَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ يُسَمِّي مَا شَاءَ فَبَاعَهُ فَقَالَ لا بَأْسَ بِهِ وَقَالَ التَّمْرُ وَالْبُسْرُ مِنْ نَخْلَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ لا بَأْسَ بِهِ فَأَمَّا أَنْ يَخْلِطَ التَّمْرَ الْعَتِيقَ وَالْبُسْرَ فَلا يَصْلُحُ وَالزَّبِيبُ وَالْعِنَبُ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ.
6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “About the case of a man who asks another man to sell the fruits of his certain palm tree for two Qafiz (a certain unit of measurement) of dates or less or more that he names as he likes, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is not harmful.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘Fresh dates and half-ripe dates from one palm tree can be exchanged and it is not harmful but mixing of old dates and half-ripe dates is not valid and so also is the case of raisin and grape.’”
7- أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ سَيْفٍ التَّمَّارِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي بَصِيرٍ أُحِبُّ أَنْ تَسْأَلَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ رَجُلٍ اسْتَبْدَلَ قَوْصَرَتَيْنِ فِيهِمَا بُسْرٌ مَطْبُوخٌ بِقَوْصَرَةٍ فِيهَا تَمْرٌ مُشَقَّقٌ قَالَ فَسَأَلَهُ أَبُو بَصِيرٍ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) هَذَا مَكْرُوهٌ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَصِيرٍ وَلِمَ يُكْرَهُ فَقَالَ كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) يَكْرَهُ أَنْ يَسْتَبْدِلَ وَسْقاً مِنْ تَمْرِ الْمَدِينَةِ بِوَسْقَيْنِ مِنْ تَمْرِ خَيْبَرَ لأنَّ تَمْرَ الْمَدِينَةِ أَدْوَنُهُمَا وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عَلِيٌّ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) يَكْرَهُ الْحَلالَ.
7. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from Sayf al-Tammar who has said the following: “I once asked abu Basir to ask abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who exchanges two baskets of fresh half-ripe dates for one basket of Mushaqaq (stone-free) dates. Abu Basir asked him (the Imam) and he (the Imam) said, ‘It is Makruh (detestable).’ Abu Basir then asked, ‘Why it is Makruh (detestable)?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Ali ibn abu Talib (a.s.), disliked to exchange one wasaq of dates of al-Madinah for two wasaq (a certain unit of measurement) of dates of Khaybar because dates of al-Madinah are of inferior quality and Ali (a.s.), would not dislike lawful things.’”
8- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) يَقُولُ كَانَ عَلِيٌّ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) يَكْرَهُ أَنْ يَسْتَبْدِلَ وَسْقاً مِنْ تَمْرِ خَيْبَرَ بِوَسْقَيْنِ مِنْ تَمْرِ الْمَدِينَةِ لأنَّ تَمْرَ خَيْبَرَ أَجْوَدُهُمَا.
8. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Washsha’ from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying that ’Amir al-Mu’minin disliked exchanging of one wasaq (a certain unit of measurement) of dates of Khaybar with two wasaq of dates of al- Madinah because dates of Khaybar are of superior quality.’”
9- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنِ الْعَلاءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ مَا تَقُولُ فِي الْبُرِّ بِالسَّوِيقِ فَقَالَ مِثْلا بِمِثْلٍ لا بَأْسَ بِهِ قُلْتُ إِنَّهُ يَكُونُ لَهُ رَيْعٌ أَوْ يَكُونُ لَهُ فَضْلٌ فَقَالَ أَلَيْسَ لَهُ مَئُونَةٌ قُلْتُ بَلَى قَالَ هَذَا بِذَا وَقَالَ إِذَا اخْتَلَفَ الشَّيْئَانِ فَلا بَأْسَ مِثْلَيْنِ بِمِثْلٍ يَداً بِيَدٍ.
9. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Ali ibn al-Hakam from al-‘Ala’ from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about his opinion on wheat and the sawiq (mush made of wheat or barley). He (the Imam) said, ‘Their exchange in equal measures is not harmful.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if one has a certain yield or preference over the other?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Does it not have expenses and maintenance?’ I replied, ‘Yes, it has such overheads.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘This is for that.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘If they are two different things then exchange of one for two at the same time is permissible.’”
10- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ جَمِيلٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ وَزُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ الْحِنْطَةُ بِالدَّقِيقِ مِثْلا بِمِثْلٍ وَالسَّوِيقُ بِالسَّوِيقِ مِثْلا بِمِثْلٍ وَالشَّعِيرُ بِالْحِنْطَةِ مِثْلا بِمِثْلٍ لا بَأْسَ بِهِ.
10. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from Jamil from Muhammad ibn Muslim and Zurarah who have said the following: “Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘It is permissible to exchange wheat with flour in equal measures and sawiq (mush) of wheat with mush and barley with wheat in equal measures, is not harmful.’”
11- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنِ الْعَلاءِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَدْفَعُ إِلَى الطَّحَّانِ الطَّعَامَ فَيُقَاطِعُهُ عَلَى أَنْ يُعْطِيَ صَاحِبَهُ لِكُلِّ عَشَرَةِ أَرْطَالٍ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ دَقِيقاً قَالَ لا قُلْتُ فَالرَّجُلُ يَدْفَعُ السِّمْسِمَ إِلَى الْعَصَّارِ وَيَضْمَنُ لَهُ لِكُلِّ صَاعٍ أَرْطَالا مُسَمَّاةً قَالَ لا.
11. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from al-‘Ala’ from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a man who gives foodstuff to a flour man under a contract that requires him to return for every ten Artal (plural of ritl, a certain unit of measurement) twelve Artal of flour. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, it is not permissible.’ I then asked about sesame given under a contract to an oil man who guarantees for every Sa‘ a certain Ritl (a certain unit of measurement). He (the Imam) said, ‘No, it is not permissible.’”
12- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ لا يَصْلُحُ التَّمْرُ الْيَابِسُ بِالرُّطَبِ مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّ التَّمْرَ يَابِسٌ وَالرُّطَبَ رَطْبٌ فَإِذَا يَبِسَ نَقَصَ وَلا يَصْلُحُ الشَّعِيرُ بِالْحِنْطَةِ إِلا وَاحِداً بِوَاحِدٍ وَقَالَ الْكَيْلُ يَجْرِي مَجْرًى وَاحِداً وَيُكْرَهُ قَفِيزُ لَوْزٍ بِقَفِيزَيْنِ وَقَفِيزُ تَمْرٍ بِقَفِيزَيْنِ وَلَكِنْ صَاعُ حِنْطَةٍ بِصَاعَيْنِ مِنْ تَمْرٍ وَصَاعُ تَمْرٍ بِصَاعَيْنِ مِنْ زَبِيبٍ وَإِذَا اخْتَلَفَ هَذَا وَالْفَاكِهَةُ الْيَابِسَةُ فَهُوَ حَسَنٌ وَهُوَ يَجْرِي فِي الطَّعَامِ وَالْفَاكِهَةِ مَجْرًى وَاحِداً أَوْ قَالَ لا بَأْسَ بِمُعَاوَضَةِ الْمَتَاعِ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ كِيلَ أَوْ وُزِنَ.
12. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Exchanging dry dates with fresh ones is not valid; dry dates are dry and fresh are not dry. When it dries it shrinks. Exchanging barley with wheat is also not valid unless it is in equal measures.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Measuring is one and the same. It is detestable to exchange one Qafiz (a certain unit of measurement) of almond for two or one Qafiz of dates for two Qafiz of dates. However, it is valid to exchange one Sa‘ of wheat with two Sa‘ of dates and one Sa‘ of dates with two Sa‘ of raisins when they are different and in the form of dry fruits. It applies to foodstuff and fruits in the same manner.’ Or that he (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful if goods are exchanged as long as they are not exchanged in measurements and weighing.’”
13- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَأَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ الشَّامِيِّ قَالَ كَرِهَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَفِيزَ لَوْزٍ بِقَفِيزَيْنِ مِنْ لَوْزٍ وَقَفِيزَ تَمْرٍ بِقَفِيزَيْنِ مِنْ تَمْرٍ.
13. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from Khalid ibn Jarir from abu al-Rabi‘ al-Shamiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), disliked exchange of one Qafiz of almond with two Qafiz of almond and one Qafiz of dates with two Qafiz of dates.’”
14- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَأَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَسْلَفَ رَجُلا زَيْتاً عَلَى أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ سَمْناً قَالَ لا يَصْلُحُ.
14. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who makes an advance payment for oil to receive ghee. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not valid.’”
15- الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) يَقُولُ لا يَنْبَغِي لِلرَّجُلِ إِسْلافُ السَّمْنِ بِالزَّيْتِ وَلا الزَّيْتِ بِالسَّمْنِ.
15. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu’alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-Washsha’ from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘It is not valid for a man to make advance payment in the form of ghee to receive oil and vice versa.’”
