Al-Kāfi

2- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ مِسْكِينٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو قَالَ قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) يَا عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ مَا لِي لا أَرَاكَ تَخْرُجُ إِلَى هَذِهِ الْمَوَاضِعِ الَّتِي يَخْرُجُ إِلَيْهَا أَهْلُ بِلادِكَ قَالَ قُلْتُ وَأَيْنَ فَقَالَ جُدَّةُ وَعَبَّادَانُ وَالْمَصِّيصَةُ وَقَزْوِينُ فَقُلْتُ انْتِظَاراً لأمْرِكُمْ وَالاقْتِدَاءِ بِكُمْ فَقَالَ إِي وَاللهِ لَوْ كَانَ خَيْراً مَا سَبَقُونَا إِلَيْهِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ فَإِنَّ الزَّيْدِيَّةَ يَقُولُونَ لَيْسَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ جَعْفَرٍ خِلافٌ إِلا أَنَّهُ لا يَرَى الْجِهَادَ فَقَالَ أَنَا لا أَرَاهُ بَلَى وَاللهِ إِنِّي لأرَاهُ وَلَكِنْ أَكْرَهُ أَنْ أَدَعَ عِلْمِي إِلَى جَهْلِهِمْ.

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘ Umayr from af-Hakam ibn Miskin from ‘ Abd af-Malik ibn ‘ Amr who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said to me, ‘O ‘Abd al-Malik, how is it that I do not see you go to these places where the people of your town go?’ I then asked, ‘Which places do you mean?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘To Juddah, ‘Abadan, al-Massisah and Qazwin.’ I then said, ‘I wait for your cause to materialize and follow you.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘That by Allah is true. If there was anything good in it they could not arrive there before us.’ He (the narrator) has that he then said to him, ‘Al-Zaydiyah group says, ‘There is no difference between us and Ja‘far, except that he does not think Jihad is necessary.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Do I not consider it necessary? By Allah, I do consider it necessary but I dislike leaving my knowledge in their ignorance.’”

1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرَةَ السُّلَمِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ إِنِّي كُنْتُ أُكْثِرُ الْغَزْوَ وَأَبْعُدُ فِي طَلَبِ الأجْرِ وَأُطِيلُ الْغَيْبَةَ فَحُجِرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيَّ فَقَالُوا لا غَزْوَ إِلا مَعَ إِمَامٍ عَادِلٍ فَمَا تَرَى أَصْلَحَكَ اللهُ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) إِنْ شِئْتَ أَنْ أُجْمِلَ لَكَ أَجْمَلْتُ وَإِنْ شِئْتَ أَنْ أُلَخِّصَ لَكَ لَخَّصْتُ فَقَالَ بَلْ أَجْمِلْ قَالَ إِنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَحْشُرُ النَّاسَ عَلَى نِيَّاتِهِمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ قَالَ فَكَأَنَّهُ اشْتَهَى أَنْ يُلَخِّصَ لَهُ قَالَ فَلَخِّصْ لِي أَصْلَحَكَ اللهُ فَقَالَ هَاتِ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ غَزَوْتُ فَوَاقَعْتُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَيَنْبَغِي قِتَالُهُمْ قَبْلَ أَنْ أَدْعُوَهُمْ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانُوا غَزَوْا وَقُوتِلُوا وَقَاتَلُوا فَإِنَّكَ تَجْتَرِئُ بِذَلِكَ وَإِنْ كَانُوا قَوْماً لَمْ يَغْزُوا وَلَمْ يُقَاتِلُوا فَلا يَسَعُكَ قِتَالُهُمْ حَتَّى تَدْعُوَهُمْ قَالَ الرَّجُلُ فَدَعَوْتُهُمْ فَأَجَابَنِي مُجِيبٌ وَأَقَرَّ بِالإسْلامِ فِي قَلْبِهِ وَكَانَ فِي الإسْلامِ فَجِيرَ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْحُكْمِ وَانْتُهِكَتْ حُرْمَتُهُ وَأُخِذَ مَالُهُ وَاعْتُدِيَ عَلَيْهِ فَكَيْفَ بِالْمَخْرَجِ وَأَنَا دَعَوْتُهُ فَقَالَ إِنَّكُمَا مَأْجُورَانِ عَلَى مَا كَانَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَهُوَ مَعَكَ يَحُوطُكَ مِنْ وَرَاءِ حُرْمَتِكَ وَيَمْنَعُ قِبْلَتَكَ وَيَدْفَعُ عَنْ كِتَابِكَ وَيَحْقُنُ دَمَكَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَلَيْكَ يَهْدِمُ قِبْلَتَكَ وَيَنْتَهِكُ حُرْمَتَكَ وَيَسْفِكُ دَمَكَ وَيُحْرِقُ كِتَابَكَ.

1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Ali ibn al-Hakam from abu ‘Amrah al-Sullamiy who has said the following: “A man once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘I would mobilize (against the enemy) very often, stay away from asking for compensation and remain absent for a long time. This was called impermissible for me and they said, ‘There is no mobilization (against the enemy) without the Imam of justice.’ May Allah keep you well, what do you say about it?’ Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said, ‘I can say it for you in general terms and if you want I can say it to you in clear terms.’ The man said, ‘Say it in general terms.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, will resurrect people on the Day of Judgment according to their intentions.’ The narrator has said that it seemed as if he wanted the Imam to say it in clear terms. He said, ‘Make it for me in clear terms, may Allah keep you well.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘Explain it.’ The man said, ‘I mobilized and faced the pagans. Should I fight them before calling them to Allah?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If they mobilize and fight, you are drawn in it. If they are a people who have not mobilized and had not fought, you can do nothing but to call them to Allah.’ The man said, ‘I called them to Allah. One of them accepted the call, affirmed al-Islam in his heart and lived as a Muslim but injustice was done to him in judgment, his honor was violated, his property taken and he was subjected to transgression. What is the solution when I was the one to call him to Allah?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Both of you deserve rewards in the matter. He is with you to shield your honor, protect your Qiblah (the sacred location), to defend your book and save your life. This is better for you than his being against you, destroy your Qiblah, violate your honor, shed your blood and burn your book.’”

2- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ رَجُلا مِنْ مَوَالِيكَ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ رَجُلا يُعْطِي السَّيْفَ وَالْفَرَسَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ فَأَتَاهُ فَأَخَذَهُمَا مِنْهُ وَهُوَ جَاهِلٌ بِوَجْهِ السَّبِيلِ ثُمَّ لَقِيَهُ أَصْحَابُهُ فَأَخْبَرُوهُ أَنَّ السَّبِيلَ مَعَ هَؤُلاءِ لا يَجُوزُ وَأَمَرُوهُ بِرَدِّهِمَا فَقَالَ فَلْيَفْعَلْ قَالَ قَدْ طَلَبَ الرَّجُلَ فَلَمْ يَجِدْهُ وَقِيلَ لَهُ قَدْ شَخَصَ الرَّجُلُ قَالَ فَلْيُرَابِطْ وَلا يُقَاتِلْ قَالَ فَفِي مِثْلِ قَزْوِينَ وَالدَّيْلَمِ وَعَسْقَلانَ وَمَا أَشْبَهَ هَذِهِ الثُّغُورَ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ فَقَالَ لَهُ يُجَاهِدُ قَالَ لا إِلا أَنْ يَخَافَ عَلَى ذَرَارِيِّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ [فَقَالَ] أَرَأَيْتَكَ لَوْ أَنَّ الرُّومَ دَخَلُوا عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ لَمْ يَنْبَغِ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَمْنَعُوهُمْ قَالَ يُرَابِطُ وَلا يُقَاتِلُ وَإِنْ خَافَ عَلَى بَيْضَةِ الإسْلامِ وَالْمُسْلِمِينَ قَاتَلَ فَيَكُونُ قِتَالُهُ لِنَفْسِهِ وَلَيْسَ لِلسُّلْطَانِ قَالَ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ جَاءَ الْعَدُوُّ إِلَى الْمَوْضِعِ الَّذِي هُوَ فِيهِ مُرَابِطٌ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ قَالَ يُقَاتِلُ عَنْ بَيْضَةِ الإسْلامِ لا عَنْ هَؤُلاءِ لأنَّ فِي دُرُوسِ الإسْلامِ دُرُوسَ دِينِ مُحَمَّدٍ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه). عَلِيٌّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي عِمْرَانَ عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنِ الرِّضَا (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) نَحْوَهُ.

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim and Muhammad ibn ‘Isa have narrated from Yunus who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan al-Rida’ (a.s.), ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, one of your followers had heard that a man gives away sword and horse for the cause of Allah. He went to that man and took the two items but he did not know the rules. His companions met him and told him that working in the way (of Allah) with these people is not permissible and they commanded them to return the items.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He should do so.’ The man said, ‘He searched for the man but did not find him. It was said that the man has left.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He should serve as a guard but he must not fight.’ The man then asked, ‘Should he serve as a guard in Qazwin, al-Daylam and ‘Asqalan?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No, unless there is fear for the (offspring of) other Muslims.’ The man then asked, ‘Do you say that if Romans entered the lands of the Muslims, they should not stop them?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is to be on their guard but not fighting. However, if the center of al-Islam and Muslims is feared for, then one must fight. In such case his fighting is for his own sake and not for the authority (the king).’ The narrator has said that he then asked, ‘If the enemy comes to the place where he serves as a guard then what should he do?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He fights for the center of al-Islam but not for these people. It is because in the wear and tear of al- Islam is wear and tear of the religion of Muhammad (SAW).’” Ali has narrated from his father from Yahya ibn abu ‘Imran from Yunus from al-Rida’ (a.s.), a similar Hadith.

1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ لَقِيَ عَبَّادٌ الْبَصْرِيُّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) فِي طَرِيقِ مَكَّةَ فَقَالَ لَهُ يَا عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ تَرَكْتَ الْجِهَادَ وَصُعُوبَتَهُ وَأَقْبَلْتَ عَلَى الْحَجِّ وَلِينَتِهِ إِنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ إِنَّ اللهَ اشْتَرى‏ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَأَمْوالَهُمْ بِأَنَّ لَهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ يُقاتِلُونَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ فَيَقْتُلُونَ وَيُقْتَلُونَ وَعْداً عَلَيْهِ حَقًّا فِي التَّوْراةِ وَالإنْجِيلِ وَالْقُرْآنِ وَمَنْ أَوْفى‏ بِعَهْدِهِ مِنَ اللهِ فَاسْتَبْشِرُوا بِبَيْعِكُمُ الَّذِي بايَعْتُمْ بِهِ وَذلِكَ هُوَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ (عَلَيْهِما السَّلام) أَتِمَّ الآيَةَ فَقَالَ التَّائِبُونَ الْعابِدُونَ الْحامِدُونَ السَّائِحُونَ الرَّاكِعُونَ السَّاجِدُونَ الآمِرُونَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَالنَّاهُونَ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَالْحافِظُونَ لِحُدُودِ اللهِ وَبَشِّرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ (عَلَيْهِما السَّلام) إِذَا رَأَيْنَا هَؤُلاءِ الَّذِينَ هَذِهِ صِفَتُهُمْ فَالْجِهَادُ مَعَهُمْ أَفْضَلُ مِنَ الْحَجِّ.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ‘Uthman from ibn ‘Isa from Sama‘ah who has said the following: "'Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ‘Abbad al-Basri met Ali ibn al-Husayn (a.s.), on the way to Mecca and said, ‘O Ali ibn al-Husayn, you have disregarded Jihad because it is difficult but you have inclined toward al-Hajj because of the ease in it. Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, says, “Allah has purchased the souls and property of the believers in exchange for Paradise. They fight for the cause of Allah to destroy His enemies and to sacrifice themselves. This is a true promise which He has revealed in the Torah, the Gospel, and the al-Quran. No one is more true to His promise than Allah. Allow this bargain to be glad news for them. This is indeed the supreme triumph.’” (9:111) Ali ibn al-Husayn, (a.s) said, ‘Complete the verse.’ He then recited: ‘(The believers) who repent for their sins, worship Allah, praise Him, travel through the land (for pious purposes), kneel down and prostrate themselves in obedience to Allah, make others do good and prevent them from sins and abide by the laws of Allah, will receive a great reward. Allow this to be glad news for the believer.’ (9:112) Ali ibn al-Husayn, (a.s) said, ‘If we see these kinds of people with these qualities then Jihad along side with them is more virtuous than al-Hajj.’”

2- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ مَعْرُوفٍ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ قَالَ قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ لِلرِّضَا (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) وَأَنَا أَسْمَعُ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ (عَلَيْهِم السَّلام) أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِبَعْضِهِمْ إِنَّ فِي بِلادِنَا مَوْضِعَ رِبَاطٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ قَزْوِينُ وَعَدُوّاً يُقَالُ لَهُ الدَّيْلَمُ فَهَلْ مِنْ جِهَادٍ أَوْ هَلْ مِنْ رِبَاطٍ فَقَالَ عَلَيْكُمْ بِهَذَا الْبَيْتِ فَحُجُّوهُ فَأَعَادَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَدِيثَ فَقَالَ عَلَيْكُمْ بِهَذَا الْبَيْتِ فَحُجُّوهُ أَمَا يَرْضَى أَحَدُكُمْ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي بَيْتِهِ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى عِيَالِهِ مِنْ طَوْلِهِ يَنْتَظِرُ أَمْرَنَا فَإِنْ أَدْرَكَهُ كَانَ كَمَنْ شَهِدَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) بَدْراً وَإِنْ مَاتَ مُنْتَظِراً لأمْرِنَا كَانَ كَمَنْ كَانَ مَعَ قَائِمِنَا (عجل الله تعالى فرجه) هَكَذَا فِي فُسْطَاطِهِ وَجَمَعَ بَيْنَ السَّبَّابَتَيْنِ وَلا أَقُولُ هَكَذَا وَجَمَعَ بَيْنَ السَّبَّابَةِ وَالْوُسْطَى فَإِنَّ هَذِهِ أَطْوَلُ مِنْ هَذِهِ فَقَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) صَدَقَ.

2. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn abu Nasr from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah and Muhammad ibn Yahya from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-‘Abbas ibn Ma’ruf from Safwan ibn Yahya from ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Mughirah who has said the following: “Once Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah said to al-Rida’, Alayhi al-Salam, when I was listening, said, ‘My father has narrated from the people of his family from their ancestors, Alayhim al-Salam, that he said to a certain one of them (ancestors), “In our location there is a place called Qazwin for keeping guard against the enemy called al-Daylam. Is Jihad or Ribat (guarding) obligatory?” He (the person of our ancestors) said, “You must not miss performing al-Hajj around this House.” He repeated the Hadith he had just said and the answer was again, “You must pay attention to this House to perform al-Hajj around it. Do you not agree that one of you stays home to spend on his family of his gains and wait for our cause to materialize? If he finds himself in such a day he is considered like those who were present with the prophet on the day of Badr. If he dies, while waiting for our cause to materialize, he is considered like one standing with the one from us, who will rise with divine authority, in his tent like this” - holding his two index fingers together - saying, “I do not say like this” - holding his index and middle fingers together -“because this one is taller than this.’” Abu al-Hassan al-Rida (a.s.), then said, ‘He had spoken the truth.’”

3- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الطَّاطَرِيُّ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ عَنْ سُوَيْدٍ الْقَلانِسِيِّ عَنْ بَشِيرٍ الدَّهَّانِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ فِي الْمَنَامِ أَنِّي قُلْتُ لَكَ إِنَّ الْقِتَالَ مَعَ غَيْرِ الإمَامِ الْمَفْرُوضِ طَاعَتُهُ حَرَامٌ مِثْلَ الْمَيْتَةِ وَالدَّمِ وَلَحْمِ الْخِنْزِيرِ فَقُلْتَ لِي هُوَ كَذَلِكَ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) هُوَ كَذَلِكَ هُوَ كَذَلِكَ.

3. Muhammad ibn al-Hassan al-Tatriy has narrated from those who he has mentioned in his book - from Ali ibn af-Nu’man from Suwayd af-Qalanisiy from Bashir al-Dahhan who has said the following: “I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, ‘I saw a dream in which I said to you, “Fighting alongside one who is not an Imam, obedience to whom is obligatory, is unlawful just like consuming dead animals, blood and pork for food. You said to me (in my dream), “That is how it is.’” Abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, then said, ‘That is how it is. That is how it is.’”

1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ عُتْبَةَ الْهَاشِمِيِّ قَالَ كُنْتُ قَاعِداً عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) بِمَكَّةَ إِذْ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ أُنَاسٌ مِنَ الْمُعْتَزِلَةِ فِيهِمْ عَمْرُو بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ وَوَاصِلُ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ وَحَفْصُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ مَوْلَى ابْنِ هُبَيْرَةَ وَنَاسٌ مِنْ رُؤَسَائِهِمْ وَذَلِكَ حِدْثَانُ قَتْلِ الْوَلِيدِ وَاخْتِلافِ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ بَيْنَهُمْ فَتَكَلَّمُوا وَأَكْثَرُوا وَخَطَبُوا فَأَطَالُوا فَقَالَ لَهُمْ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) إِنَّكُمْ قَدْ أَكْثَرْتُمْ عَلَيَّ فَأَسْنِدُوا أَمْرَكُمْ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْكُمْ وَلْيَتَكَلَّمْ بِحُجَجِكُمْ وَيُوجِزُ فَأَسْنَدُوا أَمْرَهُمْ إِلَى عَمْرِو بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ فَتَكَلَّمَ فَأَبْلَغَ وَأَطَالَ فَكَانَ فِيمَا قَالَ أَنْ قَالَ قَدْ قَتَلَ أَهْلُ الشَّامِ خَلِيفَتَهُمْ وَضَرَبَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ بَعْضَهُمْ بِبَعْضٍ وَشَتَّتَ اللهُ أَمْرَهُمْ فَنَظَرْنَا فَوَجَدْنَا رَجُلا لَهُ دِينٌ وَعَقْلٌ وَمُرُوَّةٌ وَمَوْضِعٌ وَمَعْدِنٌ لِلْخِلافَةِ وَهُوَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ فَأَرَدْنَا أَنْ نَجْتَمِعَ عَلَيْهِ فَنُبَايِعَهُ ثُمَّ نَظْهَرَ مَعَهُ فَمَنْ كَانَ بَايَعَنَا فَهُوَ مِنَّا وَكُنَّا مِنْهُ وَمَنِ اعْتَزَلَنَا كَفَفْنَا عَنْهُ وَمَنْ نَصَبَ لَنَا جَاهَدْنَاهُ وَنَصَبْنَا لَهُ عَلَى بَغْيِهِ وَرَدِّهِ إِلَى الْحَقِّ وَأَهْلِهِ وَقَدْ أَحْبَبْنَا أَنْ نَعْرِضَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْكَ فَتَدْخُلَ مَعَنَا فَإِنَّهُ لا غِنًى بِنَا عَنْ مِثْلِكَ لِمَوْضِعِكَ وَكَثْرَةِ شِيعَتِكَ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَكُلُّكُمْ عَلَى مِثْلِ مَا قَالَ عَمْرٌو قَالُوا نَعَمْ فَحَمِدَ اللهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ وَصَلَّى عَلَى النَّبِيِّ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّمَا نَسْخَطُ إِذَا عُصِيَ اللهُ فَأَمَّا إِذَا أُطِيعَ رَضِينَا أَخْبِرْنِي يَا عَمْرُو لَوْ أَنَّ الأمَّةَ قَلَّدَتْكَ أَمْرَهَا وَوَلَّتْكَ بِغَيْرِ قِتَالٍ وَلا مَئُونَةٍ وَقِيلَ لَكَ وَلِّهَا مَنْ شِئْتَ مَنْ كُنْتَ تُوَلِّيهَا قَالَ كُنْتُ أَجْعَلُهَا شُورَى بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَالَ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ كُلِّهِمْ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ بَيْنَ فُقَهَائِهِمْ وَخِيَارِهِمْ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ قُرَيْشٍ وَغَيْرِهِمْ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ وَالْعَرَبِ وَالْعَجَمِ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ أَخْبِرْنِي يَا عَمْرُو أَتَتَوَلَّى أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ أَوْ تَتَبَرَّأُ مِنْهُمَا قَالَ أَتَوَلاهُمَا فَقَالَ فَقَدْ خَالَفْتَهُمَا مَا تَقُولُونَ أَنْتُمْ تَتَوَلَّوْنَهُمَا أَوْ تَتَبَرَّءُونَ مِنْهُمَا قَالُوا نَتَوَلاهُمَا قَالَ يَا عَمْرُو إِنْ كُنْتَ رَجُلا تَتَبَرَّأُ مِنْهُمَا فَإِنَّهُ يَجُوزُ لَكَ الْخِلافُ عَلَيْهِمَا وَإِنْ كُنْتَ تَتَوَلاهُمَا فَقَدْ خَالَفْتَهُمَا قَدْ عَهِدَ عُمَرُ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَبَايَعَهُ وَلَمْ يُشَاوِرْ فِيهِ أَحَداً ثُمَّ رَدَّهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَلَيْهِ وَلَمْ يُشَاوِرْ فِيهِ أَحَداً ثُمَّ جَعَلَهَا عُمَرُ شُورَى بَيْنَ سِتَّةٍ وَأَخْرَجَ مِنْهَا جَمِيعَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالأنْصَارِ غَيْرَ أُولَئِكَ السِّتَّةِ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ وَأَوْصَى فِيهِمْ شَيْئاً لا أَرَاكَ تَرْضَى بِهِ أَنْتَ وَلا أَصْحَابُكَ إِذْ جَعَلْتَهَا شُورَى بَيْنَ جَمِيعِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَالَ وَمَا صَنَعَ قَالَ أَمَرَ صُهَيْباً أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بِالنَّاسِ ثَلاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَأَنْ يُشَاوِرَ أُولَئِكَ السِّتَّةَ لَيْسَ مَعَهُمْ أَحَدٌ إِلا ابْنُ عُمَرَ يُشَاوِرُونَهُ وَلَيْسَ لَهُ مِنَ الأمْرِ شَيْ‏ءٌ وَأَوْصَى مَنْ بِحَضْرَتِهِ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالأنْصَارِ إِنْ مَضَتْ ثَلاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَفْرُغُوا أَوْ يُبَايِعُوا رَجُلا أَنْ يَضْرِبُوا أَعْنَاقَ أُولَئِكَ السِّتَّةِ جَمِيعاً فَإِنِ اجْتَمَعَ أَرْبَعَةٌ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَمْضِيَ ثَلاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ وَخَالَفَ اثْنَانِ أَنْ يَضْرِبُوا أَعْنَاقَ الاثْنَيْنِ أَفَتَرْضَوْنَ بِهَذَا أَنْتُمْ فِيمَا تَجْعَلُونَ مِنَ الشُّورَى فِي جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَالُوا لا ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا عَمْرُو دَعْ ذَا أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ بَايَعْتُ صَاحِبَكَ الَّذِي تَدْعُونِي إِلَى بَيْعَتِهِ ثُمَّ اجْتَمَعَتْ لَكُمُ الأمَّةُ فَلَمْ يَخْتَلِفْ عَلَيْكُمْ رَجُلانِ فِيهَا فَأَفَضْتُمْ إِلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ الَّذِينَ لا يُسْلِمُونَ وَلا يُؤَدُّونَ الْجِزْيَةَ أَكَانَ عِنْدَكُمْ وَعِنْدَ صَاحِبِكُمْ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ مَا تَسِيرُونَ بِسِيرَةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) فِي الْمُشْرِكِينَ فِي حُرُوبِهِ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَتَصْنَعُ مَا ذَا قَالَ نَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى الإسْلامِ فَإِنْ أَبَوْا دَعَوْنَاهُمْ إِلَى الْجِزْيَةِ قَالَ وَإِنْ كَانُوا مَجُوساً لَيْسُوا بِأَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ قَالَ سَوَاءٌ قَالَ وَإِنْ كَانُوا مُشْرِكِي الْعَرَبِ وَعَبَدَةَ الأوْثَانِ قَالَ سَوَاءٌ قَالَ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الْقُرْآنِ تَقْرَؤُهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ اقْرَأْ قاتِلُوا الَّذِينَ لا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللهِ وَلا بِالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ وَلا يُحَرِّمُونَ ما حَرَّمَ اللهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَلا يَدِينُونَ دِينَ الْحَقِّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتابَ حَتَّى يُعْطُوا الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ وَهُمْ صاغِرُونَ فَاسْتِثْنَاءُ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَاشْتِرَاطُهُ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ فَهُمْ وَالَّذِينَ لَمْ يُؤْتَوُا الْكِتَابَ سَوَاءٌ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ عَمَّنْ أَخَذْتَ ذَا قَالَ سَمِعْتُ النَّاسَ يَقُولُونَ قَالَ فَدَعْ ذَا فَإِنْ هُمْ أَبَوُا. الْجِزْيَةَ فَقَاتَلْتَهُمْ فَظَهَرْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ كَيْفَ تَصْنَعُ بِالْغَنِيمَةِ قَالَ أُخْرِجُ الْخُمُسَ وَأَقْسِمُ أَرْبَعَةَ أَخْمَاسٍ بَيْنَ مَنْ قَاتَلَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الْخُمُسِ مَنْ تُعْطِيهِ قَالَ حَيْثُمَا سَمَّى اللهُ قَالَ فَقَرَأَ وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّما غَنِمْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْ‏ءٍ فَأَنَّ للهِ خُمُسَهُ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِي الْقُرْبى‏ وَالْيَتامى‏ وَالْمَساكِينِ وَابْنِ السَّبِيلِ قَالَ الَّذِي لِلرَّسُولِ مَنْ تُعْطِيهِ وَمَنْ ذُو الْقُرْبَى قَالَ قَدِ اخْتَلَفَ فِيهِ الْفُقَهَاءُ فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ قَرَابَةُ النَّبِيِّ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) وَأَهْلُ بَيْتِهِ وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمُ الْخَلِيفَةُ وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ قَرَابَةُ الَّذِينَ قَاتَلُوا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَالَ فَأَيَّ ذَلِكَ تَقُولُ أَنْتَ قَالَ لا أَدْرِي قَالَ فَأَرَاكَ لا تَدْرِي فَدَعْ ذَا ثُمَّ قَالَ أَرَأَيْتَ الأرْبَعَةَ أَخْمَاسٍ تَقْسِمُهَا بَيْنَ جَمِيعِ مَنْ قَاتَلَ عَلَيْهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَقَدْ خَالَفْتَ رَسُولَ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) فِي سِيرَتِهِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكَ فُقَهَاءُ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَمَشِيخَتُهُمْ فَاسْأَلْهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ لا يَخْتَلِفُونَ وَلا يَتَنَازَعُونَ فِي أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) إِنَّمَا صَالَحَ الأعْرَابَ عَلَى أَنْ يَدَعَهُمْ فِي دِيَارِهِمْ وَلا يُهَاجِرُوا عَلَى إِنْ دَهِمَهُ مِنْ عَدُوِّهِ دَهْمٌ أَنْ يَسْتَنْفِرَهُمْ فَيُقَاتِلَ بِهِمْ وَلَيْسَ لَهُمْ فِي الْغَنِيمَةِ نَصِيبٌ وَأَنْتَ تَقُولُ بَيْنَ جَمِيعِهِمْ فَقَدْ خَالَفْتَ رَسُولَ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) فِي كُلِّ مَا قُلْتَ فِي سِيرَتِهِ فِي الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَمَعَ هَذَا مَا تَقُولُ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ فَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ الآيَةَ إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقاتُ لِلْفُقَراءِ وَالْمَساكِينِ وَالْعامِلِينَ عَلَيْها إِلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَكَيْفَ تَقْسِمُهَا قَالَ أَقْسِمُهَا عَلَى ثَمَانِيَةِ أَجْزَاءٍ فَأُعْطِي كُلَّ جُزْءٍ مِنَ الثَّمَانِيَةِ جُزْءاً قَالَ وَإِنْ كَانَ صِنْفٌ مِنْهُمْ عَشَرَةَ آلافٍ وَصِنْفٌ مِنْهُمْ رَجُلا وَاحِداً أَوْ رَجُلَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلاثَةً جَعَلْتَ لِهَذَا الْوَاحِدِ مِثْلَ مَا جَعَلْتَ لِلْعَشَرَةِ آلافٍ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ وَتَجْمَعُ صَدَقَاتِ أَهْلِ الْحَضَرِ وَأَهْلِ الْبَوَادِي فَتَجْعَلُهُمْ فِيهَا سَوَاءً قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَقَدْ خَالَفْتَ رَسُولَ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) فِي كُلِّ مَا قُلْتَ فِي سِيرَتِهِ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) يَقْسِمُ صَدَقَةَ أَهْلِ الْبَوَادِي فِي أَهْلِ الْبَوَادِي وَصَدَقَةَ أَهْلِ الْحَضَرِ فِي أَهْلِ الْحَضَرِ وَلا يَقْسِمُهُ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالسَّوِيَّةِ وَإِنَّمَا يَقْسِمُهُ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا يَحْضُرُهُ مِنْهُمْ وَمَا يَرَى وَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِكَ شَيْ‏ءٌ مُوَقَّتٌ مُوَظَّفٌ وَإِنَّمَا يَصْنَعُ ذَلِكَ بِمَا يَرَى عَلَى قَدْرِ مَنْ يَحْضُرُهُ مِنْهُمْ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِي نَفْسِكَ مِمَّا قُلْتُ شَيْ‏ءٌ فَالْقَ فُقَهَاءَ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ فَإِنَّهُمْ لا يَخْتَلِفُونَ فِي أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) كَذَا كَانَ يَصْنَعُ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى عَمْرِو بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ اتَّقِ اللهَ وَأَنْتُمْ أَيُّهَا الرَّهْطُ فَاتَّقُوا اللهَ فَإِنَّ أَبِي حَدَّثَنِي وَكَانَ خَيْرَ أَهْلِ الأرْضِ وَأَعْلَمَهُمْ بِكِتَابِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَسُنَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) قَالَ مَنْ ضَرَبَ النَّاسَ بِسَيْفِهِ وَدَعَاهُمْ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ وَفِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ مَنْ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ مِنْهُ فَهُوَ ضَالٌّ مُتَكَلِّفٌ.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from ‘Umar ibn ‘Udhaynah from Zurarah from ‘Abd al-Karim ibn ‘Utbah al-Hashimiy who has said the following: “I was sitting in the presence of abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), in Makkah when a group of people of al-Mu‘tazilah among whom ‘Amr ibn ‘Ubayd was present as well as Wasil ibn ‘Ata’, Hafs ibn Salim Mawla’ ibn Hubayrah and people of their leaders came to visit. This happened during the time when al-Walid was killed and people of al-Sham had differences among them. They spoke (about the situation) a great deal with confusion and made it very lengthy. Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said to them, ‘You have spoken a great deal and it is excessive for me. Appoint someone from among yourselves to speak in favor of your arguments and make it short.’ They then appointed ‘Amr ibn ‘Ubayd for this task. He spoke assiduously and made it lengthy. Among other things he said, ‘People of al-Sham have killed their Caliph, and Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, has struck one group against the other and has scattered their affairs. We have deliberated and found a man who has religion, reason, kindness, position and resource for Caliphate and he is Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Hassan. We then decided to gather around him to pledge allegiance, then come with him in public. Those who pledge allegiance with us will be of us and we will be for him. Those who stay away from us we will keep away from him. Those who plan against us we will do Jihad and plan against them because of their rebellion and their rejection to return them to the truth and the people of truth. We like to present this plan before you so you will also join us; we need a person like you. It is because of your position and the great number of your followers.’ When he finished, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), asked, ‘Are you all of the same opinion as ‘Amr is?’ They replied, ‘Yes, we are of the same opinion.’ He (the Imam) then praised Allah and glorified Him; then asked Him to grant salawat (favors and compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to His cause). He then said, ‘We become angry when Allah is disobeyed but when He is obeyed we become happy.’ ‘O ‘Amr, tell me if the nation will make you the person in charge of their affairs and give you authority without fighting and expenses and said to you, “Whomever you choose to be their ruler with authority is accepted by the nation.” Whom then would you choose for the nation?’ He replied, ‘I will make it Shura’ (to be decided by the Muslims). He (the Imam) asked, ‘To be decided by all Muslims?’ He replied, ‘Yes, by all Muslims.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘Will it be decided by their scholars of law and good ones?’ He replied, ‘Yes.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘Will such people be of Quraysh and others?’ He replied, ‘Yes.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘Will they be of Arab and non-Arab?’ He replied, ‘Yes.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘O ‘Amr tell me, do you love abu Bakr and ‘Umar or denounce them?’ He replied, ‘I love them.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘But you just opposed them. What do you all say?’ They replied, ‘We love them.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘O ‘Amr, were you to be a man who denounced the two of them, then it would have been permissible for him to oppose them. How can you love the two of them when you just opposed them? ‘Umar had made a covenant with abu Bakr on the basis of which he pledged allegiance to him and he did not counsel anyone else on the issue. Thereafter abu Bakr returned it to him (‘Umar) and did not counsel anyone in the issue. ‘Umar then formed a council of six members. He kept all of al-Muhajirun and al-Ansar out of this council except those six people from Quraysh. He made a will about the council to which, I think, neither you nor your friends agree because you make a Shura’ of all Muslims.’ He asked, ‘What did he do?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘He commanded Suhayb to lead Salat (prayer) for the people for three days and to consult the six people and no one else except the son of ‘Umar who consulted them but would have had have no say in their decision. He made a will and advised those of al-Muhajirun and al- Ansar in his presence to do this: “If three days pass before the council finish the task or pledge allegiance to a man, you must cut off the necks of all the members of the council. If four of them agree on a plan before three days pass but two of them oppose, you must cut off the necks of the two opposing members of the council.” Do you accept such a plan about the council that you like all Muslims to form?’ They replied, ‘No.’ “He (the Imam) said, ‘O ‘Amr, leave this aside. Suppose, I pledged allegiance to your friend to whom you call me and then the nation gathered around you and no two people disagreed with you about your plan. Then you marched against the pagans who reject al-Islam and do not pay taxes. Will there be enough knowledge with your friend or with you with which you can deal according to the traditions of the Messenger of Allah in the matters of the pagans and the war against them?’ He replied, ‘Yes.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘What will you do?’ He replied, ‘We call them to al-Islam. If they refused we tell them to pay taxes.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘What you will do if they will be Majus and not of the people of the book?’ He replied, ‘They are the same.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘Are you telling me from al-Quran?’ He replied, ‘Yes.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘What will you do if they were pagans of Arab people and of idol worshippers?’ He replied, ‘They are the same.’ He (the Imam) asked, ’Are you telling me from al-Quran?’ He replied, ‘Yes.’ He (the Imam) asked read this, ‘Fight against those people of the Book who have no faith in Allah or the Day of Judgment, who do not consider unlawful what Allah and His Messenger have made unlawful, and who do not believe in the true religion, until they humbly pay tax with their own hands.” (9:29)’ “He (the Imam) asked, ‘Is the exception and the stipulation of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, about the people of the book and those not of the people of the book the same?’ He replied, ‘Yes.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘From whom have you learned this answer?’ He replied, ‘I have heard people say so.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Leave this aside. Suppose they refuse to pay taxes and you fight them, and defeat them, then how will you deal with the properties captured from them?’ He replied, ‘I will deduct one-fifth from it and divide the remainder among those who have fought the war.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Tell me about the one-fifth. To whom will you give it?’ He replied, ‘I will give it to whomever Allah has told to give.’ The narrator has said that ‘Amr then recited: ‘You must take notice that whatever you gain one-fifth of it belongs to Allah, the Messenger, the relatives, the orphans, the destitute and those who deplete their expenses on a journey.’ (8:41) He (the Imam) asked, ‘To who will you give that which is for the Messenger?’ Who are relatives?’ He replied, ‘The scholars of the law have different opinions about it. Certain ones among them say, “They are the relatives of the Holy Prophet and his family.” Certain others say, “It is the caliph.” Still others say, “They are the relatives of those who have taken part in the fighting.’” He (the Imam) asked, ‘Which one do you think is it?’ He replied, ‘I do not know.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘I can see that you do not know. Leave this aside.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘Consider the remainder after taking one-fifth. Will you distribute it among all the fighters?’ He replied, ‘Yes.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘In doing so you oppose the Messenger of Allah. The decisive factor between you and I is the scholars of the law of al-Madinah and the elders. Ask them. They have no differences on this issue. They do not dispute that the Messenger of Allah made a truce with the Arabs. It said that they can live in their locations and must not migrate. If the enemy will attack him they must rise and fight his enemy but they will have no share in the properties captured from the enemy. You, however, say you will distribute it among all the fighters. In so doing you oppose the Messenger of Allah in his dealings in everything that you have said about the pagans. Despite this what do you say about charity?’ He (the Imam) then recited the verse to him. ‘Charity is for the poor, the destitute, the charity collectors. . . .’ (9:60) He said, ‘That is right.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘How will you distribute it?’ He replied, ‘I will divide it into eight portions and give to each category one portion thereof.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘Will you do so even if members of one category will be ten thousand and of the members of another category there will be only one or two or three individuals present?’ Will you give to one individual an amount equal to what will you give to ten thousand people?’ He replied, ‘Yes.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘Will you collect the charities of the towns and the city in one place and divide among them in equal portions?’ He replied, ‘Yes.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘In doing so you oppose the Messenger of Allah in all of his dealings I have mentioned. The Messenger of Allah would give the charities of the people of the towns to the people of the towns and the charities of the people of the city to the people of the city. He would not distribute it among them in equal portions. He distributed it among them according to the number of people present and according to his discretion. He did not set about it a particular time or portion. He, according to the needs of the people present, distributed the charities. If you have doubts about what I said you can meet the scholars of the law of al-Madinah. They have no differences on the issue that the Messenger of Allah would do as I said he did.’ He (the Imam) then turned to ‘Amr ibn ‘Ubayd and said, ‘You in this group must maintain piety before Allah. You must maintain piety before Allah. My father was the best of the people on earth. He was more knowledgeable than all of the people on earth about the book of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, and the tradition of the Messenger of Allah. He has said, “The Messenger of Allah has said, ‘Whoever strikes people with his sword and calls them to himself while among the Muslims there is someone more knowledgeable than he is, such person is lost and he is a pretender.”””

2- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ عَنْ سُوَيْدٍ الْقَلانِسِيِّ عَنْ بَشِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ فِي الْمَنَامِ أَنِّي قُلْتُ لَكَ إِنَّ الْقِتَالَ مَعَ غَيْرِ الإمَامِ الْمُفْتَرَضِ طَاعَتُهُ حَرَامٌ مِثْلُ الْمَيْتَةِ وَالدَّمِ وَلَحْمِ الْخِنْزِيرِ فَقُلْتَ لِي نَعَمْ هُوَ كَذَلِكَ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) هُوَ كَذَلِكَ هُوَ كَذَلِكَ.

2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn, from Ali ibn al-Nu’man from Suwayd al-Qalanisiy from Bashir who has said the following: “I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘I saw a dream in which I said to you, “Fighting alongside an Imam to whom obedience is not obligatory is unlawful like consuming dead animals, blood and pork for food”, and you said to me, “Yes, that is how it is.’” Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), then said, ‘That is how it is. That is how it is.’”

1- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ أَظُنُّهُ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ الثُّمَالِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ سَرِيَّةً دَعَاهُمْ فَأَجْلَسَهُمْ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ سِيرُوا بِسْمِ اللهِ وَبِاللهِ وَفِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ وَعَلَى مِلَّةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ لا تَغُلُّوا وَلا تُمَثِّلُوا وَلا تَغْدِرُوا وَلا تَقْتُلُوا شَيْخاً فَانِياً وَلا صَبِيّاً وَلا امْرَأَةً وَلا تَقْطَعُوا شَجَراً إِلا أَنْ تُضْطَرُّوا إِلَيْهَا وَأَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَدْنَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَوْ أَفْضَلِهِمْ نَظَرَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَهُوَ جَارٌ حَتَّى يَسْمَعَ كَلامَ اللهِ فَإِنْ تَبِعَكُمْ فَأَخُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَإِنْ أَبَى فَأَبْلِغُوهُ مَأْمَنَهُ وَاسْتَعِينُوا بِاللهِ عَلَيْهِ.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar - I think - from abu Hamzah al- Thumaliy who has said the following: “Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that when the Messenger of Allah would decide to dispatch a small group of people for an armed expedition he would call them in his presence, make them sit before him and say to them, ‘March in the name of Allah, with Allah, in the way of Allah and upon the religion (path) of the Messenger of Allah. You must not be excessive, you must not deform people, you must not betray, you must not kill old people, you must not kill children, you must not kill women and you must not cut down trees unless you are forced to do so. If anyone of the Muslims of the lower or higher position expresses sympathy toward a man of the pagans, he is given protection until he hears the words of Allah. If thereafter he followed you he then is your brother in religion and if he refused you then must send him to his safe place and ask Allah for assistance.’”

2- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) نَهَى رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) أَنْ يُلْقَى السَّمُّ فِي بِلادِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ.

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), has said, ‘The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, prohibited spreading of poison in the lands of the pagans.”’