Al-Kāfi

1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنِ النَّضْرِ بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْغَفَّارِ الْجَازِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ أُتِيَ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ مِنْ غَيْرِ فَسَادٍ لَمْ يُؤَاخِذْهُ اللهُ [عَلَيْهِ] إِذَا عَلِمَ بِنِيَّتِهِ [الأدَاءَ] إِلا مَنْ كَانَ لا يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُؤَدِّيَ عَنْ أَمَانَتِهِ فَهُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ السَّارِقِ وَكَذَلِكَ الزَّكَاةُ أَيْضاً وَكَذَلِكَ مَنِ اسْتَحَلَّ أَنْ يَذْهَبَ بِمُهُورِ النِّسَاءِ.

1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from al-Nadr ibn Shu’ayb from ‘Abd al-Ghaffar al-Jaziy who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who dies owing debts. He (the Imam) said, ‘If such debts have become due upon him and it is free of his involvement in corruption, Allah will not hold him responsible if He will find in him the intention to pay back. However, if he did not have the intention to pay back what was in his trust, he then is considered a thief and so also is Zakat and destroying Mahr (dowry) of women.”’

2- عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمَّادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ مَنِ اسْتَدَانَ دَيْناً فَلَمْ يَنْوِ قَضَاهُ كَانَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ السَّارِقِ.

2. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from Salih ibn abu Hammad from ibn Faddal from certain persons of his people who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘One who borrows without the intention to pay back is considered a thief.’”

1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مِهْزَمٍ عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) لا يُبَاعُ الدَّيْنُ بِالدَّيْنِ‏.

1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from Ibrahim ibn Mihzam from Talhah ibn Yazid who has said the following: “Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah has said, ’It is not lawful to buy a debt with debt (on credit).”’

2- أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَ لَهُ عَلَى رَجُلٍ دَيْنٌ فَجَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ فَاشْتَرَاهُ مِنْهُ [بِعَرْضٍ] ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ إِلَى الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الدَّيْنُ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَعْطِنِي مَا لِفُلانٍ عَلَيْكَ فَإِنِّي قَدِ اشْتَرَيْتُهُ مِنْهُ كَيْفَ يَكُونُ الْقَضَاءُ فِي ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) يَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الدَّيْنُ مَالَهُ الَّذِي اشْتَرَاهُ بِهِ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي لَهُ الدَّيْنُ.

2. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Ali from Muhammad ibn al-Fudayl from abu Hamzah who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about the case of a man to whom another person owes a loan and a third person buys the loan from the creditor to collect it from the debtor. The collector demands the debtor for payment; and (what is the Imam’s) judgment in this issue. Abu Ja’far (a.s.), made a pronouncement that said, The debtor can pay to the collector what he (the collector) has paid to the creditor.’”

3- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفُضَيْلِ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِلرِّضَا (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) رَجُلٌ اشْتَرَى دَيْناً عَلَى رَجُلٍ ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ إِلَى صَاحِبِ الدَّيْنِ فَقَالَ لَهُ ادْفَعْ إِلَيَّ مَا لِفُلانٍ عَلَيْكَ فَقَدِ اشْتَرَيْتُهُ مِنْهُ قَالَ يَدْفَعُ إِلَيْهِ قِيمَةَ مَا دَفَعَ إِلَى صَاحِبِ الدَّيْنِ وَبَرِئَ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْمَالُ مِنْ جَمِيعِ مَا بَقِيَ عَلَيْهِ.

3. Muhammad ibn Yahya and others have narrated from Muhammad ibn Ahmad from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Muhammad ibn al- Fudayl who has said the following: “I once asked al-Rida’ (a.s.), about the case of a man who buys a loan to collect it from the debtor and demands the debtor for payment. He (the Imam) said, The debtor pays what the collector has paid to the creditor and in so doing becomes free of the responsibility of paying all that was due on him.’”

1- الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ قَالَ دَخَلَ رَجُلٌ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فَشَكَا إِلَيْهِ رَجُلا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فَلَمْ يَلْبَثْ أَنْ جَاءَ الْمَشْكُوُّ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) مَا لِفُلانٍ يَشْكُوكَ فَقَالَ لَهُ يَشْكُونِي أَنِّي اسْتَقْضَيْتُ مِنْهُ حَقِّي قَالَ فَجَلَسَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) مُغْضَباً ثُمَّ قَالَ كَأَنَّكَ إِذَا اسْتَقْضَيْتَ حَقَّكَ لَمْ تُسِئْ أَرَأَيْتَ مَا حَكَى اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ يَخافُونَ سُوءَ الْحِسابِ أَتَرَى أَنَّهُمْ خَافُوا اللهَ أَنْ يَجُورَ عَلَيْهِمْ لا وَاللهِ مَا خَافُوا إِلا الاسْتِقْضَاءَ فَسَمَّاهُ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ سُوءَ الْحِسَابِ فَمَنِ اسْتَقْضَى بِهِ فَقَدْ أَسَاءَ.

1. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu’alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali from Hammad ibn ‘Uthaman who has said the following: “Once, a man came to abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), to complain before him (the Imam) against one of his companions. In a little while the defendant came in and abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), asked, ‘Why does so and so complain against you?’ He replied, ‘It is because I asked him for payment of what he owes to me.’ He (the narrator) has said that abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), then sat straight with anger and said, ‘It seems as if when you demand for payment of what others owe, you do not consider it maltreating him. Consider what Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has said in His book, ‘They fear dreadful accounting.’ (13:21) Do you think they fear that Allah will do injustice to them? No, by Allah, that is not the case. They did not fear anything but demand for payment of what is owed to them and Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has called it (demand for payment) dreadful accounting, thus one who demands payment has maltreated him (debtor).”’

2- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى رَفَعَهُ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ إِنَّ لِي عَلَى بَعْضِ الْحَسَنِيِّينَ مَالا وَقَدْ أَعْيَانِي أَخْذُهُ وَقَدْ جَرَى بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُ كَلامٌ وَلا آمَنُ أَنْ يَجْرِيَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ مَا أَغْتَمُّ لَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) لَيْسَ هَذَا طَرِيقَ التَّقَاضِي وَلَكِنْ إِذَا أَتَيْتَهُ أَطِلِ الْجُلُوسَ وَالْزَمِ السُّكُوتَ قَالَ الرَّجُلُ فَمَا فَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ إِلا يَسِيراً حَتَّى أَخَذْتُ مَالِي.

2. Muhammad ibn Yahya in a marfu’ manner has narrated the following: “He (the narrator) has said that a man once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘A man of Al- Husayniy people owes me a certain amount. Asking him for payment has become tiring for me. We had an argument about it and I am afraid something may happen between us that will make me sad.’ Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said, ‘This is not a proper manner of asking for payment. When you go to him next time sit with him for a long time and remain quiet.’ The man has said, ‘I followed the instruction and shortly thereafter I received full payment.’”

3- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ عَنْ خَضِرِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو النَّخَعِيِّ قَالَ قَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا (عَلَيْهِما السَّلام) فِي الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مَالٌ فَيَجْحَدُهُ قَالَ إِنِ اسْتَحْلَفَهُ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ بَعْدَ الْيَمِينِ شَيْئاً وَإِنْ تَرَكَهُ وَلَمْ يَسْتَحْلِفْهُ فَهُوَ عَلَى حَقِّهِ.

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father and Muhammad ibn ‘Isma’il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan all from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Ibrahim ibn ‘Abd al-Hamid from Khidr ibn ‘Amr al-Nakha’iy who has said the following: “About the case of a man to whom another person owes a certain amount of assets but denies such liability one of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ‘If he (creditor) makes him (the debtor) to take an oath, thereafter he (the creditor) is not entitled to take anything from him (the debtor), but if he does not make him to take an oath his right remains enforced upon the debtor.’”

4- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) لا وَجَعَ إِلا وَجَعُ الْعَيْنِ وَلا هَمَّ إِلا هَمُّ الدَّيْنِ.

4. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Harun ibn Muslim from Mas’adah ibn Sadaqah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘No other ache is a serious ache except an eye ache, and no anxiety is a serious anxiety except the anxiety because of debts.’”

5- وَبِهَذَا الإسْنَادِ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) الدَّيْنُ رِبْقَةُ اللهِ فِي الأرْضِ فَإِذَا أَرَادَ اللهُ أَنْ يُذِلَّ عَبْداً وَضَعَهُ فِي عُنُقِهِ.

5. Through the same chain of narrators as that of the previous Hadith the following is narrated: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘Debt is the loop of Allah on earth and when He wants to humiliate a person. He places it on his neck.’”