The Book of Marriage
Fathers Permission for a Girl’s Marriage
3- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ سِرْحَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي رَجُلٍ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَ أُخْتَهُ قَالَ يُؤَامِرُهَا فَإِنْ سَكَتَتْ فَهُوَ إِقْرَارُهَا وَإِنْ أَبَتْ لَمْ يُزَوِّجْهَا وَإِنْ قَالَتْ زَوِّجْنِي فُلاناً فَلْيُزَوِّجْهَا مِمَّنْ تَرْضَى وَالْيَتِيمَةُ فِي حِجْرِ الرَّجُلِ لا يُزَوِّجْهَا إِلا بِرِضَاهَا.
3. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from Dawud ibn Sarhan who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who wants to give his sister in marriage. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must have her permission and if she remains quiet it is her affirmation. If she refuses he must not give her in marriage, if she says, “Give me in marriage to so and so” then he must give her in marriage to whom she has chosen. An orphan in the care of a man must not be given in marriage without her agreement.’”
4- عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي الْجَارِيَةِ يُزَوِّجُهَا أَبُوهَا بِغَيْرِ رِضًا مِنْهَا قَالَ لَيْسَ لَهَا مَعَ أَبِيهَا أَمْرٌ إِذَا أَنْكَحَهَا جَازَ نِكَاحُهُ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ كَارِهَةً قَالَ وَسُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَ أُخْتَهُ قَالَ يُؤَامِرُهَا فَإِنْ سَكَتَتْ فَهُوَ إِقْرَارُهَا وَإِنْ أَبَتْ لَمْ يُزَوِّجْهَا.
4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad ibn ‘Uthaman from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who gives his daughter in marriage to someone without her permission. He (the Imam) said, ‘With the existence of her father she has no say and commandments. If he gives her in marriage it is permissible even if she dislikes.’ He (the Imam) was asked about the case of a man who wants to give his sister in marriage. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must have her commandment, permission and if she remains quiet it is her affirmation and if she refuses he cannot give her in marriage.’”
5- حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ فَضْلِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ لا تُسْتَأْمَرُ الْجَارِيَةُ الَّتِي بَيْنَ أَبَوَيْهَا إِذَا أَرَادَ أَبُوهَا أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهَا هُوَ أَنْظَرُ لَهَا وَأَمَّا الثَّيِّبُ فَإِنَّهَا تُسْتَأْذَنُ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ بَيْنَ أَبَوَيْهَا إِذَا أَرَادَا أَنْ يُزَوِّجَاهَا.
5. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Muhammad ibn Sama‘ah from Ja’far ibn Sama‘ah from Aban from ibn Fadl ibn ‘Abd al-Malik who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘The girl who is with her parents cannot appoint someone (to solemnize her marriage) when her father wants to give her in marriage; he is more careful than her. A woman for her second marriage must be asked for her permission if she lives with her parents and they want to give her in marriage.’”
6- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الصَّلْتِ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنِ الْجَارِيَةِ الصَّغِيرَةِ يُزَوِّجُهَا أَبُوهَا أَلَهَا أَمْرٌ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ قَالَ لا لَيْسَ لَهَا مَعَ أَبِيهَا أَمْرٌ قَالَ وَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْبِكْرِ إِذَا بَلَغَتْ مَبْلَغَ النِّسَاءِ أَلَهَا مَعَ أَبِيهَا أَمْرٌ قَالَ لا لَيْسَ لَهَا مَعَ أَبِيهَا أَمْرٌ مَا لَمْ تَكْبَرْ.
6. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Salt who has said the following: “I once asked al-Rida’, Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a small girl whose father wanted to give her in marriage: if she had any commandment. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, with the existence of her father she has no commandments.’ I then asked about a virgin who has grown like other woman; if she has any commandment with her father. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, she does not have any commands with her father until she grows up.’”
7- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَهْزِيَارَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ الأشْعَرِيِّ قَالَ كَتَبَ بَعْضُ بَنِي عَمِّي إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الثَّانِي (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) مَا تَقُولُ فِي صَبِيَّةٍ زَوَّجَهَا عَمُّهَا فَلَمَّا كَبِرَتْ أَبَتِ التَّزْوِيجَ فَكَتَبَ بِخَطِّهِ لا تُكْرَهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَالأمْرُ أَمْرُهَا.
7. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn Mahziyar from Muhammad ibn al-Hassan al-Ash’ariy who has said the following: “Certain ones of sons of my uncle wrote to abu Ja’far al-Thaniy (a.s.), asking about the small girl whom her uncle gave in marriage to someone and when she grew up she disagreed with the marriage. He (the Imam) wrote back in his own handwriting, ‘She must not be forced, and the command is her command.”’
8- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) فِي الْمَرْأَةِ الْبِكْرِ إِذْنُهَا صُمَاتُهَا وَالثَّيِّبِ أَمْرُهَا إِلَيْهَا .
8. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Nasr that Abul Hasan (as) said, "In the case of a virgin, her remaining quiet is her permission, and a woman for her second marriage has her own command and power of decision making."
9- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ بَزِيعٍ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنِ الصَّبِيَّةِ يُزَوِّجُهَا أَبُوهَا ثُمَّ يَمُوتُ وَهِيَ صَغِيرَةٌ فَتَكْبَرُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا زَوْجُهَا أَيَجُوزُ عَلَيْهَا التَّزْوِيجُ أَوِ الأمْرُ إِلَيْهَا قَالَ يَجُوزُ عَلَيْهَا تَزْوِيجُ أَبِيهَا.
9. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn ‘Isma’il ibn Bazi’ who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a small girl whose father gave her in marriage, but he died before her husband went to bed with her; if her marriage was permissible or it was it up to her to decide. He (the Imam) said, ‘Her father’s giving in marriage is permissible.’”
The Book of Marriage
A Man Wants to Marry one’s Daughter and the Father Intends to Give Her to Another Man
1- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) الْجَارِيَةُ يُرِيدُ أَبُوهَا أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ وَيُرِيدُ جَدُّهَا أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ فَقَالَ الْجَدُّ أَوْلَى بِذَلِكَ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مُضَارّاً إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنِ الأبُ زَوَّجَهَا قَبْلَهُ وَيَجُوزُ عَلَيْهَا تَزْوِيجُ الأبِ وَالْجَدِّ.
1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Faddal from ibn Bukayr from ‘Ubayd ibn Zurarah who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about the case of a girl whose father wants to give her in marriage to one man and her grandfather wants to give her in marriage to another man. He (the Imam) said, ‘Grandfather is preferred above the father as long as it is not harmful to the girl and that the father has not given her in marriage before the grandfather. Both father and grandfather’s giving her in marriage is permissible.’”
2- أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ عَلاءِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا (عَلَيْهِما السَّلام) قَالَ إِذَا زَوَّجَ الرَّجُلُ ابْنَةَ ابْنِهِ فَهُوَ جَائِزٌ عَلَى ابْنِهِ وَلابْنِهِ أَيْضاً أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهَا فَقُلْتُ فَإِنْ هَوِيَ أَبُوهَا رَجُلا وَجَدُّهَا رَجُلا فَقَالَ الْجَدُّ أَوْلَى بِنِكَاحِهَا.
2. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from Ali ibn al-Hakam from al-‘Ala’ ibn Razin from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “One of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ‘Abd Allah) (a.s.), has said, ‘If a man gives in marriage his granddaughter to a man, it is binding upon his son and his son also can give her in marriage.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if her father likes one man and her grandfather prefers another man?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Grandfather has greater priority.’”
3- عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْمَغْرَاءِ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ إِنِّي لَذَاتَ يَوْمٍ عِنْدَ زِيَادِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ الْحَارِثِيِّ إِذْ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ يَسْتَعْدِي عَلَى أَبِيهِ فَقَالَ أَصْلَحَ اللهُ الأمِيرَ إِنَّ أَبِي زَوَّجَ ابْنَتِي بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِي فَقَالَ زِيَادٌ لِجُلَسَائِهِ الَّذِينَ عِنْدَهُ مَا تَقُولُونَ فِيمَا يَقُولُ هَذَا الرَّجُلُ قَالُوا نِكَاحُهُ بَاطِلٌ قَالَ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيَّ فَقَالَ مَا تَقُولُ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ فَلَمَّا سَأَلَنِي أَقْبَلْتُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ أَجَابُوهُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُمْ أَلَيْسَ فِيمَا تَرْوُونَ أَنْتُمْ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) أَنَّ رَجُلا جَاءَ يَسْتَعْدِيهِ عَلَى أَبِيهِ فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) أَنْتَ وَمَالُكَ لأبِيكَ قَالُوا بَلَى فَقُلْتُ لَهُمْ فَكَيْفَ يَكُونُ هَذَا وَهُوَ وَمَالُهُ لأبِيهِ وَلا يَجُوزُ نِكَاحُهُ [عَلَيْهِ] قَالَ فَأَخَذَ بِقَوْلِهِمْ وَتَرَكَ قَوْلِي.
3. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from abu al-Mighra’ from ‘Ubayd ibn Zurarah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘One day I was with Ziyad ibn ‘Ubayd Allah al-Harithiy when a man came and complained saying, “My father has given my daughter in marriage without my permission.” Ziyad then asked the people in his meeting about their views in the matter. They said, “His marriage is invalid.’” He (the Imam) has said, ‘He then asked, “What do you say, O ‘Abd Allah?” When he asked me I then turned to those who had given him an answer and asked them, ‘Of the matters that you narrate from the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, is there the case of the man who came to him (the Messenger of Allah) and complained against his father like this man and the Messenger of Allah told him that you and your assets belong to your father?’ They replied, ‘Yes, we narrate.’ I then asked them, ‘Why is it that even he and his assets belong to his father but his father’s giving in marriage is not permissible?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He accepted their words and ignored my words.’”
