The Book of Taharat (Cleansing)
The Case of a Well and Things that May Fall in It (Fatwa best explains Ahadith 2-12 as well as the following chapter.)
11ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) عَنِ الْعَذِرَةِ تَقَعُ فِي الْبِئْرِ قَالَ يُنْزَحُ مِنْهَا عَشَرَةُ دِلاَءٍ فَإِنْ ذَابَتْ فَأَرْبَعُونَ أَوْ خَمْسُونَ دَلْواً.
11. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn abu Hamzah who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, about the falling of feces into a well. He (the Imam) said, ‘Ten buckets of water must be taken out and if it has disintegrated then forty or fifty buckets of water must be taken out.’”
12ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ سَهْلٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) بِئْرٌ يُسْتَقَى مِنْهَا وَيُتَوَضَّأُ بِهِ وَيُغْسَلُ مِنْهُ الثِّيَابُ وَيُعْجَنُ بِهِ ثُمَّ يُعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ فِيهَا مَيِّتٌ قَالَ فَقَالَ لاَ بَأْسَ وَلاَ يُغْسَلُ مِنْهُ الثَّوْبُ وَلاَ تُعَادُ مِنْهُ الصَّلاَةُ.
12. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from Sahl from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from ‘Abd al-Karim from abu Basir who has said the following: “I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, that there was a well from which people drank, took Wudu’, washed their clothes and flour was made into dough with its water, and then a dead body was found in it. He (the Imam) said, ‘It does not matter, there is no need to wash clothes or perform Salah (prayer) again.’”
The Book of Taharat (Cleansing)
A Well near a Cesspool
1ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ رِبَاطٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُ عَنِ الْبَالُوعَةِ تَكُونُ فَوْقَ الْبِئْرِ قَالَ إِذَا كَانَتْ فَوْقَ الْبِئْرِ فَسَبْعَةُ أَذْرُعٍ وَإِذَا كَانَتْ أَسْفَلَ مِنَ الْبِئْرِ فَخَمْسَةُ أَذْرُعٍ مِنْ كُلِّ نَاحِيَةٍ وَذَلِكَ كَثِيرٌ.
1. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Sinan from al-Hassan ibn Ribat who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a cesspool which is above a well. He (the Imam) said, ‘If it is above the well, the distance in between must be seven yards, but if it is below the well, the distance must be five yards from all sides, and that is a large area.”
2ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ وَأَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالُوا قُلْنَا لَهُ بِئْرٌ يُتَوَضَّأُ مِنْهَا يَجْرِي الْبَوْلُ قَرِيباً مِنْهَا أَ يُنَجِّسُهَا قَالَ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَتِ الْبِئْرُ فِي أَعْلَى الْوَادِي وَالْوَادِي يَجْرِي فِيهِ الْبَوْلُ مِنْ تَحْتِهَا وَكَانَ بَيْنَهُمَا قَدْرُ ثَلاَثَةِ أَذْرُعٍ أَوْ أَرْبَعَةِ أَذْرُعٍ لَمْ يُنَجِّسْ ذَلِكَ شَيْءٌ وَإِنْ كَانَ أَقَلَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ يُنَجِّسُهَا وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْبِئْرُ فِي أَسْفَلِ الْوَادِي وَيَمُرُّ الْمَاءُ عَلَيْهَا وَكَانَ بَيْنَ الْبِئْرِ وَبَيْنَهُ تِسْعَةُ أَذْرُعٍ لَمْ يُنَجِّسْهَا وَمَا كَانَ أَقَلَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَلاَ يُتَوَضَّأُ مِنْهُ قَالَ زُرَارَةُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ مَجْرَى الْبَوْلِ بِلِزْقِهَا وَكَانَ لاَ يَثْبُتُ عَلَى الأرْضِ فَقَالَ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ قَرَارٌ فَلَيْسَ بِهِ بَأْسٌ وَإِنِ اسْتَقَرَّ مِنْهُ قَلِيلٌ فَإِنَّهُ لاَ يَثْقُبُ الأرْضَ وَلاَ قَعْرَ لَهُ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ الْبِئْرَ وَلَيْسَ عَلَى الْبِئْرِ مِنْهُ بَأْسٌ فَيُتَوَضَّأُ مِنْهُ إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ إِذَا اسْتَنْقَعَ كُلُّهُ.
2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Hariz from Zurarah, Muhammad ibn Muslim and abu Basir who have said the following: “We once asked him (abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) ,) about a well which is used for Wudu’ and nearby urine flows. ‘Is such a well Najis (unclean)? He (the Imam) replied, ‘If the well is above the place where urine flows below the well and there is a distance of three or four yards in between, it does not make anything of the well Najis (unclean) but if the distance is less than this, the well becomes Najis (unclean). If the well is below the place where water (urine) flows and there is a distance of nine yards between them it does not make the well Najis (unclean). If the distance is less than this then it cannot be used for Wudu’ Zurarah then asked, ‘What happens if the place is steep and urine flows fast and is not stationary on the ground?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If it is not stationary it is not harmful, and even if a little of it is stationary, it does not make a deep hole in the ground to reach the well and it is not harmful to the well, thus it can be used for Wudu’. It is harmful to the well only when all of it (urine) is absorbed in the ground.’”
3ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْمَاعِيلَ السَّرَّاجِ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ قُدَامَةَ بْنِ أَبِي يَزِيدَ الْحَمَّارِ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ كَمْ أَدْنَى مَا يَكُونُ بَيْنَ الْبِئْرِ بِئْرِ الْمَاءِ وَالْبَالُوعَةِ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ سَهْلاً فَسَبْعَةُ أَذْرُعٍ وَإِنْ كَانَ جَبَلاً فَخَمْسَةُ أَذْرُعٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ الْمَاءُ يَجْرِي إِلَى الْقِبْلَةِ إِلَى يَمِينٍ وَيَجْرِي عَنْ يَمِينِ الْقِبْلَةِ إِلَى يَسَارِ الْقِبْلَةِ وَيَجْرِي عَنْ يَسَارِ الْقِبْلَةِ إِلَى يَمِينِ الْقِبْلَةِ وَلاَ يَجْرِي مِنَ الْقِبْلَةِ إِلَى دُبُرِ الْقِبْلَةِ.
3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il from abu ’Isma‘il from al-Sarraj from ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Uthman from Qudamah ibn abu Yazid al-Hammar from certain persons of our people who have said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the distance needed between a well and a cesspool. He (the Imam) replied, ‘If the ground is plain, the distance must be seven yards; and if it is a hillside the distance must be five yards.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘Water flows forward in direction, to the right or to the left or from its left side to its right side (in) forward direction but it does not flow backward.’”
4ـ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ عَنْ عَبَّادِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) فِي الْبِئْرِ يَكُونُ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ الْكَنِيفِ خَمْسَةُ أَذْرُعٍ أَوْ أَقَلُّ أَوْ أَكْثَرُ يُتَوَضَّأُ مِنْهَا قَالَ لَيْسَ يُكْرَهُ مِنْ قُرْبٍ وَلاَ بُعْدٍ يُتَوَضَّأُ مِنْهَا وَيُغْتَسَلُ مَا لَمْ يَتَغَيَّرِ الْمَاءُ.
4. Ahmad ibn Idris has narrated from Muhammad ibn Ahmad from ‘Abbad ibn Sulayman from Sa‘d ibn Sa‘d from Muhammad ibn al- Qasim who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about a well which is five yards or more or less away from a cesspool. Can it be used for Wudu’? He (the Imam) said, ‘Shortness or length of distance does not matter. It can be used for Wudu’ or Ghusl (bath) if the water has not changed.’”
The Book of Taharat (Cleansing)
Taking Wudu’ With Water from Which Animals, Beasts and Birds Have Drunk
1ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ لاَ بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يُتَوَضَّأَ مِمَّا شَرِبَ مِنْهُ مَا يُؤْكَلُ لَحْمُهُ.
1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that it is permissible to use for Wudu’ the water from which edible animals have drunk.”
2ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ وَالْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ فَضْلُ الْحَمَامَةِ وَالدَّجَاجِ لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ وَالطَّيْرِ.
2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid and Al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn abu Hamzah from abu Basir who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that it is permissible to use for Wudu’ the water from which pigeons, chickens or birds have drunk.”
3ـ أَبُو دَاوُدَ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ أَخِيهِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ زُرْعَةَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُهُ هَلْ يُشْرَبُ سُؤْرُ شَيْءٍ مِنَ الدَّوَابِّ وَيُتَوَضَّأُ مِنْهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَمَّا الإِبِلُ وَالْبَقَرُ وَالْغَنَمُ فَلاَ بَأْسَ.
3. Abu Dawud has narrated from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from his brother al-Hassan from Zur’ah, from Sama‘ah who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), ‘Is it permissible to use for Wudu’ the leftover water from which animals have drunk?’ He (the Imam) replied, ‘As far as the camel, cow and sheep are concerned, it is permissible.’”
4ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) قَالَ إِنَّ فِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) أَنَّ الْهِرَّ سَبُعٌ فَلاَ بَأْسَ بِسُؤْرِهِ وَإِنِّي لأَسْتَحْيِي مِنَ الله أَنْ أَدَعَ طَعَاماً لأَنَّ هِرّاً أَكَلَ مِنْهُ.
4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from ‘Umar ibn ‘Udhaynah from Zurarah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that it is in the book of Ali (a.s.), that cats are beasts but there is no offense in using the leftover of what they eat. I feel embarrassed before Allah to throw away a food from which a cat has eaten.’”
