Al-Kāfi

6ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ بَحْرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَمَّنْ رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ وَأَنَا عِنْدَهُ لِعَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ الأنْصَارِيِّ فِي بِرِّ الْوَالِدَيْنِ فِي قَوْلِ الله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَبِالْوالِدَيْنِ إِحْساناً فَظَنَنَّا أَنَّهَا الآيَةُ الَّتِي فِي بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ وَقَضى‏ رَبُّكَ أَلا تَعْبُدُوا إِلا إِيَّاهُ وَبِالْوالِدَيْنِ إِحْساناً فَلَمَّا كَانَ بَعْدُ سَأَلْتُهُ فَقَالَ هِيَ الَّتِي فِي لُقْمَانَ وَوَصَّيْنَا الإنْسانَ بِوالِدَيْهِ حُسْناً وَإِنْ جاهَداكَ عَلى‏ أَنْ تُشْرِكَ بِي ما لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ فَلا تُطِعْهُما فَقَالَ إِنَّ ذَلِكَ أَعْظَمُ مِنْ أَنْ يَأْمُرَ بِصِلَتِهِمَا وَحَقِّهِمَا عَلَى كُلِّ حَالٍ وَإِنْ جاهَداكَ عَلى‏ أَنْ تُشْرِكَ بِي ما لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ فَقَالَ لا بَلْ يَأْمُرُ بِصِلَتِهِمَا وَإِنْ جَاهَدَاهُ عَلَى الشِّرْكِ مَا زَادَ حَقَّهُمَا إِلا عِظَماً.

6. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from his father from ‘Abd Allah ibn Bahr from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muskan from those whom he has mentioned from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who has said the following: “Once the Imam spoke to ‘Abd al- Wahid al-Ansari, while I was present, about kindness to parents mentioned in the words of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, ‘Be kind to parents.’ We thought it was the verse in Chapter Seventeen that says, ‘. . . the Lord has ordained that you must not worship anyone other than Him and that you must “Be kind to your parents. . . .’ (17:23) Later I asked the Imam and he said, ‘It was verse 14-15 of Chapter 31, that says, “(Concerning his parents), We advised the man, (to be good to parents). . . . (31:14) If they try to force you to consider things equal to Me, which you cannot justify to be equal to Me, do not obey them.” (31:15) The Imam then said, ‘This shows greater significance of maintaining good relations with them in all cases.’ I asked about: ‘If they try to force you to consider things equal to Me, which you cannot justify to be equal to Me, do not obey them.’ (31:15) The Imam said, ‘It, in fact, is a command to establish good relations with parents even if they struggle to make him consider things equal to Allah. It only shows the greatness of the rights of parents.’” (Note: al-Majlisi in Mir’at al-‘Uqul has expressed concern about the authenticity of this Hadith. For details one may refer to this work.)

7ـ عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ مِسْكِينٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) مَا يَمْنَعُ الرَّجُلَ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يَبَرَّ وَالِدَيْهِ حَيَّيْنِ وَمَيِّتَيْنِ يُصَلِّيَ عَنْهُمَا وَيَتَصَدَّقَ عَنْهُمَا وَيَحُجَّ عَنْهُمَا وَيَصُومَ عَنْهُمَا فَيَكُونَ الَّذِي صَنَعَ لَهُمَا وَلَهُ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ فَيَزِيدَهُ الله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ بِبِرِّهِ وَصِلَتِهِ خَيْراً كَثِيراً.

7. It is narrated from him (narrator of the Hadith above) from Muhammad ibn Ali from al-Hakam ibn Miskin from Muhammad ibn Marwan who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) has said, ‘Nothing prevents any of you from doing kindness to your parents, who are living or dead, in the form of prayer for them, giving charity on their behalf, performing Hajj and fasting on their behalf. These are things that one can do for them. He will also receive similar credit, thus, Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, will grant him a great deal of good rewards for his kindness to his parents.’”

8ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ مُعَمَّرِ بْنِ خَلادٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) أَدْعُو لِوَالِدَيَّ إِذَا كَانَا لا يَعْرِفَانِ الْحَقَّ قَالَ ادْعُ لَهُمَا وَتَصَدَّقْ عَنْهُمَا وَإِنْ كَانَا حَيَّيْنِ لا يَعْرِفَانِ الْحَقَّ فَدَارِهِمَا فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ الله (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وآلِه) قَالَ إِنَّ الله بَعَثَنِي بِالرَّحْمَةِ لا بِالْعُقُوقِ.

8. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Mu’ammar ibn Khallad who has said the following: “I asked abu al-Hassan al-Rida (a.s.) ‘Can I pray for my parents who do not know the truth?’ The Imam said, ‘Pray for them and give charity on their behalf. If they are living and do not know the truth, be kind to them; the Messenger of Allah has said, “Allah has sent me with (message of) kindness and not to punish.’”

9ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) قَالَ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وآلِه) فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ الله مَنْ أَبَرُّ قَالَ أُمَّكَ قَالَ ثُمَّ مَنْ قَالَ أُمَّكَ قَالَ ثُمَّ مَنْ قَالَ أُمَّكَ قَالَ ثُمَّ مَنْ قَالَ أَبَاكَ.

9. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hisham ibn Salim from abu ‘Abd Allah who has said the following: “Once a man came to the Holy Prophet and said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, to whom should I be kind?’ The Messenger of Allah said, ‘Be kind to your mother.’ The man asked, ‘Then whom?’ The Messenger of Allah said, ‘Your mother.’ The man asked, ‘Then whom?’ The Messenger of Allah said, ‘Your mother.’ The man asked, ‘Then whom?’ The Messenger of Allah said, “Be kind to your father.”

10ـ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الأشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ النَّضْرِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شِمْرٍ عَنْ جَابِرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) قَالَ أَتَى رَجُلٌ رَسُولَ الله (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وآلِه) فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ الله إِنِّي رَاغِبٌ فِي الْجِهَادِ نَشِيطٌ قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وآلِه) فَجَاهِدْ فِي سَبِيلِ الله فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ تُقْتَلْ تَكُنْ حَيّاً عِنْدَ الله تُرْزَقْ وَإِنْ تَمُتْ فَقَدْ وَقَعَ أَجْرُكَ عَلَى الله وَإِنْ رَجَعْتَ رَجَعْتَ مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ كَمَا وُلِدْتَ قَالَ يَا رَسُولَ الله إِنَّ لِي وَالِدَيْنِ كَبِيرَيْنِ يَزْعُمَانِ أَنَّهُمَا يَأْنَسَانِ بِي وَيَكْرَهَانِ خُرُوجِي فَقَالَ رَسُولُ الله (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وآلِه) فَقِرَّ مَعَ وَالِدَيْكَ فَوَ الَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لأنْسُهُمَا بِكَ يَوْماً وَلَيْلَةً خَيْرٌ مِنْ جِهَادِ سَنَةٍ.

10. Abu Ali al-Ash’ari has narrated from Muhammad ibn Salim from Ahmad ibn al- Nadr from ‘Amr ibn Shamir from Jabir from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who has said the following: “Once a man came to the Messenger of Allah and said, ‘I am interested in Jihad (joining the army) O Messenger of Allah. I am active and light.’ The Imam said, ‘The Holy Prophet said, “Do Jihad (join the army) in the way of Allah, if you will be killed you will be living with Allah and will receive sustenance. If you die you will receive your reward from Allah, and if you return you will return free from sins as in the day you were born.” The man then said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, my parents are old and they think my presence is a comfort for them and they do not like my going out.’ The Messenger of Allah then said, ‘Stay with your parents, I swear by the One in whose hand is my soul, that your parents’ receiving comfort from your presence with them for one day and night is more virtuous than Jihad for one year.’”

11ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ وَهْبٍ عَنْ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ كُنْتُ نَصْرَانِيّاً فَأَسْلَمْتُ وَحَجَجْتُ فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) فَقُلْتُ إِنِّي كُنْتُ عَلَى النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ وَإِنِّي أَسْلَمْتُ فَقَالَ وَأَيَّ شَيْ‏ءٍ رَأَيْتَ فِي الإسْلامِ قُلْتُ قَوْلَ الله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ما كُنْتَ تَدْرِي مَا الْكِتابُ وَلا الإيمانُ وَلكِنْ جَعَلْناهُ نُوراً نَهْدِي بِهِ مَنْ نَشاءُ فَقَالَ لَقَدْ هَدَاكَ الله ثُمَّ قَالَ اللهمَّ اهْدِهِ ثَلاثاً سَلْ عَمَّا شِئْتَ يَا بُنَيَّ فَقُلْتُ إِنَّ أَبِي وَأُمِّي عَلَى النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ وَأَهْلَ بَيْتِي وَأُمِّي مَكْفُوفَةُ الْبَصَرِ فَأَكُونُ مَعَهُمْ وَآكُلُ فِي آنِيَتِهِمْ فَقَالَ يَأْكُلُونَ لَحْمَ الْخِنْزِيرِ فَقُلْتُ لا وَلا يَمَسُّونَهُ فَقَالَ لا بَأْسَ فَانْظُرْ أُمَّكَ فَبَرَّهَا فَإِذَا مَاتَتْ فَلا تَكِلْهَا إِلَى غَيْرِكَ كُنْ أَنْتَ الَّذِي تَقُومُ بِشَأْنِهَا وَلا تُخْبِرَنَّ أَحَداً أَنَّكَ أَتَيْتَنِي حَتَّى تَأْتِيَنِي بِمِنًى إِنْ شَاءَ الله قَالَ فَأَتَيْتُهُ بِمِنًى وَالنَّاسُ حَوْلَهُ كَأَنَّهُ مُعَلِّمُ صِبْيَانٍ هَذَا يَسْأَلُهُ وَهَذَا يَسْأَلُهُ فَلَمَّا قَدِمْتُ الْكُوفَةَ أَلْطَفْتُ لأمِّي وَكُنْتُ أُطْعِمُهَا وَأَفْلِي ثَوْبَهَا وَرَأْسَهَا وَأَخْدُمُهَا فَقَالَتْ لِي يَا بُنَيَّ مَا كُنْتَ تَصْنَعُ بِي هَذَا وَأَنْتَ عَلَى دِينِي فَمَا الَّذِي أَرَى مِنْكَ مُنْذُ هَاجَرْتَ فَدَخَلْتَ فِي الْحَنِيفِيَّةِ فَقُلْتُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ وُلْدِ نَبِيِّنَا أَمَرَنِي بِهَذَا فَقَالَتْ هَذَا الرَّجُلُ هُوَ نَبِيٌّ فَقُلْتُ لا وَلَكِنَّهُ ابْنُ نَبِيٍّ فَقَالَتْ يَا بُنَيَّ إِنَّ هَذَا نَبِيٌّ إِنَّ هَذِهِ وَصَايَا الأنْبِيَاءِ فَقُلْتُ يَا أُمَّهْ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ يَكُونُ بَعْدَ نَبِيِّنَا نَبِيٌّ وَلَكِنَّهُ ابْنُهُ فَقَالَتْ يَا بُنَيَّ دِينُكَ خَيْرُ دِينٍ اعْرِضْهُ عَلَيَّ فَعَرَضْتُهُ عَلَيْهَا فَدَخَلَتْ فِي الإسْلامِ وَعَلَّمْتُهَا فَصَلَّتِ الظُّهْرَ وَالْعَصْرَ وَالْمَغْرِبَ وَالْعِشَاءَ الآخِرَةَ ثُمَّ عَرَضَ لَهَا عَارِضٌ فِي اللَّيْلِ فَقَالَتْ يَا بُنَيَّ أَعِدْ عَلَيَّ مَا عَلَّمْتَنِي فَأَعَدْتُهُ عَلَيْهَا فَأَقَرَّتْ بِهِ وَمَاتَتْ فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَتْ كَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ الَّذِينَ غَسَّلُوهَا وَكُنْتُ أَنَا الَّذِي صَلَّيْتُ عَلَيْهَا وَنَزَلْتُ فِي قَبْرِهَا.

11. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Mu’awiyah ibn Wahab from Zakariya ibn Ibrahim who has said the following: “I was a Christian, then I became a Muslim. I went for Hajj, where I met Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) and I said to him, ‘I was a Christian and I have become a Muslim.’ The Imam asked, ‘What have you seen in Islam?’ I said, ‘They are the words of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, “. . . before, you did not even know what a Book or belief was, but We have made the Quran as a light by which We guide whichever of Our servants We want.’” (42:52) The Imam said, ‘Allah has certainly granted you guidance.’ The Imam then said three times: ‘O Allah, guide him. Son, ask whatever you want to ask.’ I then said, ‘My parents and my family are Christians and my mother is blind. I live with them. Can I eat from their utensils with them?’ The Imam asked, ‘Do they eat pork?’ I said, ‘No, they do not even touch it.’ The Imam said, ‘There is no offense in your eating with them. Take good care of your mother and be kind to her. When she will die do not leave her to others. You must do everything that she will need (for her funeral). Do not tell anyone of your meeting with me until you will meet me at Mina, if Allah would so will.’ I (the narrator) met him at Mina and people were around him as if he were the teacher of children. He asks a question then the other asks a question and so on. I returned to Kufa and I would act more kindly toward my mother. I would feed my mother, wash her clothes, her head and would serve her in other ways.’ She said, ‘My son, you did not do all this for me when you followed my religion. What is all that I see from you after you left and accepted the religion of submission (Islam)?’ I said, ‘A man from the descendents of our prophet has commanded me to do all this.’ She then asked, ‘Is this man a prophet?’ I said, ‘No, but he is a descendent of a prophet.’ She said, ‘My son, he is a prophet; these are of the teachings of the prophets.’ I said, ‘Mother, there will be no other prophet after our prophet. He is a descendent of our prophet.’ She then said, ‘Your religion is the best religion. Explain it to me.’ I then explained to her and she accepted Islam. I taught her more. She prayed, Zuhr, ‘Asr, Maghrib and ‘Isha’ prayers. Thereafter something happened to her at night and she said, ‘Son, explain and repeat to me what you told me about Islam and I repeated it to her. She affirmed them and then she died. In the morning the Muslims were the ones who helped with her funeral and washed her. I was the one who prayed on her body and climbed down in her grave (to place her body to rest).”’

12ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ وَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ جَمِيعاً عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ قَالَ خَبَّرْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) بِبِرِّ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ابْنِي بِي فَقَالَ لَقَدْ كُنْتُ أُحِبُّهُ وَقَدِ ازْدَدْتُ لَهُ حُبّاً إِنَّ رَسُولَ الله (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وآلِه) أَتَتْهُ أُخْتٌ لَهُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ فَلَمَّا نَظَرَ إِلَيْهَا سُرَّ بِهَا وَبَسَطَ مِلْحَفَتَهُ لَهَا فَأَجْلَسَهَا عَلَيْهَا ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ يُحَدِّثُهَا وَيَضْحَكُ فِي وَجْهِهَا ثُمَّ قَامَتْ وَذَهَبَتْ وَجَاءَ أَخُوهَا فَلَمْ يَصْنَعْ بِهِ مَا صَنَعَ بِهَا فَقِيلَ لَهُ يَا رَسُولَ الله صَنَعْتَ بِأُخْتِهِ مَا لَمْ تَصْنَعْ بِهِ وَهُوَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ لأنَّهَا كَانَتْ أَبَرَّ بِوَالِدَيْهَا مِنْهُ.

12. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Ali ibn al-Hakam a number of our people from Ahmad ibn abu ‘Abd Allah from Isma’il ibn Mehran all from Sayf ibn ‘ Amirah from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muskan from ‘Ammar ibn Hayyan who has said the following: “Once I explained to Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) how kind my son Isma’il was to me. The Imam said, ‘I loved him before and this has increased my love for him. Once, the sister of the Messenger of Allah (through breast-feeding) visited him. When he saw her he became very happy to see her, prepared a seat for her, began to talk to her and smiled at her. She left and her brother came. The Holy Prophet did not behave toward him as he did to her. He was asked, ‘O Messenger of Allah, you behaved toward his sister differently from the way you behaved toward him, and he is a man.’ The Messenger of Allah said, ‘It was because she was more kind to her parents than he was.’”

13ـ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) إِنَّ أَبِي قَدْ كَبِرَ جِدّاً وَضَعُفَ فَنَحْنُ نَحْمِلُهُ إِذَا أَرَادَ الْحَاجَةَ فَقَالَ إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ أَنْ تَلِيَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ فَافْعَلْ وَلَقِّمْهُ بِيَدِكَ فَإِنَّهُ جُنَّةٌ لَكَ غَداً.

13. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Sayf ibn ‘Amirah from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muskan from Ibrahim ibn Shu’ayb who has said the following: “Once I said to Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) ‘My father has become very old and weak. We pick him up and help him for the restrooms.’ The Imam said, ‘If you can, you should do all of this for him and feed him with your own hand; it is paradise for you tomorrow. ’”

14ـ عَنْهُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ أَبِي الصَّبَّاحِ عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَجُلاً يَقُولُ لأبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) إِنَّ لِي أَبَوَيْنِ مُخَالِفَيْنِ فَقَالَ بَرَّهُمَا كَمَا تَبَرُّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِمَّنْ يَتَوَلانَا.

14. It is narrated from him (narrator of the Hadith above) from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Sayf ibn ‘Amirah from abu al-Sabbah from Jabir who has said the following: “I heard a man saying to Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) ‘My parents are against us (our belief).’ The Imam said, ‘Be kind to them just as Muslims who follow us are kind (to their parents).”’

15ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ عَنْ عَنْبَسَةَ بْنِ مُصْعَبٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) قَالَ ثَلاثٌ لَمْ يَجْعَلِ الله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لأحَدٍ فِيهِنَّ رُخْصَةً أَدَاءُ الأمَانَةِ إِلَى الْبَرِّ وَالْفَاجِرِ وَالْوَفَاءُ بِالْعَهْدِ لِلْبَرِّ وَالْفَاجِرِ وَبِرُّ الْوَالِدَيْنِ بَرَّيْنِ كَانَا أَوْ فَاجِرَيْنِ.

15. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father and Muhammad ibn Yahya from Ahmad ibn Muhammad all from ibn Mahbub from Malik ibn ‘Atiyyah from ‘Anbasah ibn Mus’ab from abu Ja’far (a.s.) who has said the following: ‘‘There are three things in which Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, has not given any concession: safely returning of the trust to appropriate people, regardless of their being good or evil people, keeping the promise for good or evil people, and being kind to parents whether of good or of evil manners.”