Al-Kāfi

1ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَمِيلَةَ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) فِي قَوْلِ الله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ إِنْ تَجْتَنِبُوا كَبائِرَ ما تُنْهَوْنَ عَنْهُ نُكَفِّرْ عَنْكُمْ سَيِّئاتِكُمْ وَنُدْخِلْكُمْ مُدْخَلاً كَرِيماً قَالَ الْكَبَائِرُ الَّتِي أَوْجَبَ الله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَلَيْهَا النَّارَ.

1. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Faddal from abu Jamilah from al-Halabi from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who has said the following: “About the words of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, ‘If you avoid violating that which has been prohibited, your (lesser) sins will be forgiven and you will be admitted into a graceful dwelling,’ (4:31) the Imam said, ‘Major sins are those for which Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, has made it necessary that the sinner suffer the torment of the fire.’”

2ـ عَنْهُ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ قَالَ كَتَبَ مَعِي بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) يَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ الْكَبَائِرِ كَمْ هِيَ وَمَا هِيَ فَكَتَبَ الْكَبَائِرُ مَنِ اجْتَنَبَ مَا وَعَدَ الله عَلَيْهِ النَّارَ كَفَّرَ عَنْهُ سَيِّئَاتِهِ إِذَا كَانَ مُؤْمِناً وَالسَّبْعُ الْمُوجِبَاتُ قَتْلُ النَّفْسِ الْحَرَامِ وَعُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَأَكْلُ الرِّبَا وَالتَّعَرُّبُ بَعْدَ الْهِجْرَةِ وَقَذْفُ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ وَأَكْلُ مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ وَالْفِرَارُ مِنَ الزَّحْفِ.

2. It is narrated from him (narrator of the Hadith above) from ibn Mahbub who has said the following: “Once certain individuals of our people and I wrote to abu al- Hassan (a.s.) asking what and how many were the major sins. He wrote back to us about major sins, ‘Whoever avoids the act for which Allah has decided to send one in the fire, his evil deeds are expiated, if he is of the believers. The seven acts that subject one to punishment are to commit murder, a disregard of kindness to parents, collecting unlawful interest in trade, alienating oneself from religion after accepting it, accusing married women of committing indecent acts, consuming the properties of orphans and running away from the enemy during an offensive in battle.’”

3ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ الْكَبَائِرُ سَبْعٌ قَتْلُ الْمُؤْمِنِ مُتَعَمِّداً وَقَذْفُ الْمُحْصَنَةِ وَالْفِرَارُ مِنَ الزَّحْفِ وَالتَّعَرُّبُ بَعْدَ الْهِجْرَةِ وَأَكْلُ مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ ظُلْماً وَأَكْلُ الرِّبَا بَعْدَ الْبَيِّنَةِ وَكُلُّ مَا أَوْجَبَ الله عَلَيْهِ النَّارَ.

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muskan from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “I heard Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) saying, ‘The major sins are seven in number: Murdering a believer intentionally, Accusing a married women of committing indecent act, Running away from the enemy in the battle field during an offensive. Alienating one’s self from religion after accepting it. Consuming the properties of the orphans unjustly. Consuming unlawful interest in trade after knowing it clearly and all such acts that Allah has considered to be the cause for one’s being subjected to suffering in the fire.’”

4ـ يُونُسُ عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) يَقُولُ إِنَّ مِنَ الْكَبَائِرِ عُقُوقَ الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْيَأْسَ مِنْ رَوْحِ الله وَالأمْنَ لِمَكْرِ الله وَقَدْ رُوِيَ أَنَّ أَكْبَرَ الْكَبَائِرِ الشِّرْكُ بِالله.

4. Yunus has narrated from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “I heard Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) saying, ‘Of the major sins are disregard of good relation with parents, despair for the mercy of Allah, feeling safe from the punishment of Allah and it is narrated that the biggest of the major sins is to consider things as partners of Allah.’”

5ـ يُونُسُ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ نُعْمَانَ الرَّازِيِّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) يَقُولُ مَنْ زَنَى خَرَجَ مِنَ الإيمَانِ وَمَنْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ خَرَجَ مِنَ الإيمَانِ وَمَنْ أَفْطَرَ يَوْماً مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مُتَعَمِّداً خَرَجَ مِنَ الإيمَانِ.

5. Yunus has narrated from Hammad from Nu’man al-Razi who has said the following: “I heard Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) saying, ‘Whoever commits fornication suffers the loss of his belief, one who drinks wine suffers the loss of belief and one who breaks intentionally the fast in the month of Ramadhan suffers the loss of his belief.’”

6ـ عَنْهُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدَةَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لأبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) لا يَزْنِي الزَّانِي وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ قَالَ لا إِذَا كَانَ عَلَى بَطْنِهَا سُلِبَ الإيمَانُ مِنْهُ فَإِذَا قَامَ رُدَّ إِلَيْهِ فَإِذَا عَادَ سُلِبَ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَعُودَ فَقَالَ مَا أَكْثَرَ مَنْ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَعُودَ فَلا يَعُودُ إِلَيْهِ أَبَداً.

6. It is narrated from him (narrator of the Hadith above) from Muhammad ibn ‘Abdahu who has said the following: “Once I asked Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) ‘Is it true that a fornicator does not fornicate if he is a believer?’ The Imam said, ‘No, it is not as such, however, when he is on her belly, belief is taken away from him and when he moves away, his belief is returned to him, if he repeats it his belief is taken away from him.’ I then asked, ‘Even if he wants to repeat?’ The Imam said, there are many who want to repeat but do not do so.’”

7ـ يُونُسُ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) فِي قَوْلِ الله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ الَّذِينَ يَجْتَنِبُونَ كَبائِرَ الإثْمِ وَالْفَواحِشَ إِلا اللَّمَمَ قَالَ الْفَوَاحِشُ الزِّنَى وَالسَّرِقَةُ وَاللَّمَمُ الرَّجُلُ يُلِمُّ بِالذَّنْبِ فَيَسْتَغْفِرُ الله مِنْهُ قُلْتُ بَيْنَ الضَّلالِ وَالْكُفْرِ مَنْزِلَةٌ فَقَالَ مَا أَكْثَرَ عُرَى الإيمَانِ.

7. Yunus has narrated from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “About the words of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, ‘Those who stay away from grave sins and indecency (should know that) for their Lamam (certain sins) your Lord’s forgiveness is vast. . . .’ (53:32) the Imam said, ‘Indecency is fornication and theft. Lamam is when a man commits a sin, then regrets and asks forgiveness from Allah.’ I then asked, ‘Is there any difference between straying and disbelief?’ The Imam said, ‘How numerous (an indication of difference between the two) are the rings of belief!”’

8ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) عَنِ الْكَبَائِرِ فَقَالَ هُنَّ فِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) سَبْعٌ الْكُفْرُ بِالله وَقَتْلُ النَّفْسِ وَعُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَأَكْلُ الرِّبَا بَعْدَ الْبَيِّنَةِ وَأَكْلُ مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ ظُلْماً وَالْفِرَارُ مِنَ الزَّحْفِ وَالتَّعَرُّبُ بَعْدَ الْهِجْرَةِ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ فَهَذَا أَكْبَرُ الْمَعَاصِي قَالَ نَعَمْ قُلْتُ فَأَكْلُ دِرْهَمٍ مِنْ مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ ظُلْماً أَكْبَرُ أَمْ تَرْكُ الصَّلاةِ قَالَ تَرْكُ الصَّلاةِ قُلْتُ فَمَا عَدَدْتَ تَرْكَ الصَّلاةِ فِي الْكَبَائِرِ فَقَالَ أَيُّ شَيْ‏ءٍ أَوَّلُ مَا قُلْتُ لَكَ قَالَ قُلْتُ الْكُفْرُ قَالَ فَإِنَّ تَارِكَ الصَّلاةِ كَافِرٌ يَعْنِي مِنْ غَيْرِ عِلَّةٍ.

8. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from ‘Abd al- Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj from ‘Ubayd ibn Zurara who has said the following: “Once I asked Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) about the major sins. The Imam said, ‘They according to the book of Ali (a.s.) are seven: <br> Disbelief in Allah, <br> Murdering a soul, <br> Disregard of good relations with parents,<br> Consuming unlawful interest from trade with evidence, <br> Consuming the properties of orphans unjustly, <br> Running away from the enemy in battlefield during an offensive,<br> and Alienation from religion after emigration (apostasy).’<br> I (the narrator) then asked, ‘Are these the biggest sins?’ The Imam said, ‘Yes, they are.’ I then asked, ‘Is consuming one dirham from the property of an orphan unjustly a bigger sin or disregarding the prayer?’ The Imam said, ‘Disregard of the prayer is a bigger sin.’ “I then said, ‘You did not mention disregard of prayer among the major sins.’ The Imam said, ‘What was the first item that I mentioned to you?’ I said, ‘It was disbelief in Allah.’ The Imam said, ‘One who disregards prayer is an unbeliever (that is, he is considered as such for ignoring prayer without reason?)”’

9ـ عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الأصَمِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وآلِه) مَا مِنْ عَبْدٍ إِلا وَعَلَيْهِ أَرْبَعُونَ جُنَّةً حَتَّى يَعْمَلَ أَرْبَعِينَ كَبِيرَةً فَإِذَا عَمِلَ أَرْبَعِينَ كَبِيرَةً انْكَشَفَتْ عَنْهُ الْجُنَنُ فَيُوحِي الله إِلَيْهِمْ أَنِ اسْتُرُوا عَبْدِي بِأَجْنِحَتِكُمْ فَتَسْتُرُهُ الْمَلائِكَةُ بِأَجْنِحَتِهَا قَالَ فَمَا يَدَعُ شَيْئاً مِنَ الْقَبِيحِ إِلا قَارَفَهُ حَتَّى يَمْتَدِحَ إِلَى النَّاسِ بِفِعْلِهِ الْقَبِيحِ فَيَقُولُ الْمَلائِكَةُ يَا رَبِّ هَذَا عَبْدُكَ مَا يَدَعُ شَيْئاً إِلا رَكِبَهُ وَإِنَّا لَنَسْتَحْيِي مِمَّا يَصْنَعُ فَيُوحِي الله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ إِلَيْهِمْ أَنِ ارْفَعُوا أَجْنِحَتَكُمْ عَنْهُ فَإِذَا فُعِلَ ذَلِكَ أَخَذَ فِي بُغْضِنَا أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ يَنْهَتِكُ سِتْرُهُ فِي السَّمَاءِ وَسِتْرُهُ فِي الأرْضِ فَيَقُولُ الْمَلائِكَةُ يَا رَبِّ هَذَا عَبْدُكَ قَدْ بَقِيَ مَهْتُوكَ السِّتْرِ فَيُوحِي الله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ إِلَيْهِمْ لَوْ كَانَتْ لله فِيهِ حَاجَةٌ مَا أَمَرَكُمْ أَنْ تَرْفَعُوا أَجْنِحَتَكُمْ عَنْهُ. وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ.

9. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from Muhammad ibn Habib from ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman al-Asamm from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muskan from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who has said the following: “Amir al-Mu’minin, Ali ibn abu Talib (a.s.) has said, ‘There is no believer without forty shields on him until he commits forty major sins. When he commits forty major sins, the shields are removed. Allah then sends revelations to them (angels), “Cover My servant with your wings,” and the angels cover him with their wings. The Imam then said, ‘He then leaves no evil deeds without committing, praising himself among people for his evil deeds. The angels will say, ‘Lord, Your servant has left no evil deed uncommitted and we feel embarrassed for what he does. Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, will reveal this to them, ‘Move your wings away from him.’ When they do this he then is held responsible for his animosity to us (Ahl al-Bayt). At this point his privacy is disregarded in heaven and on earth and the angels will say, ‘O Lord Your servant is disgraced.’ Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, will reveal this to them: ‘Had Allah any interest in him He would not have commanded you to remove your wings from him.’” Ibn Faddal has narrated a similar Hadith from ibn Muskan.

10ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ هَارُونَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيهِ السَّلام) يَقُولُ الْكَبَائِرُ الْقُنُوطُ مِنْ رَحْمَةِ الله وَالْيَأْسُ مِنْ رَوْحِ الله وَالأمْنُ مِنْ مَكْرِ الله وَقَتْلُ النَّفْسِ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ الله وَعُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَأَكْلُ مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ ظُلْماً وَأَكْلُ الرِّبَا بَعْدَ الْبَيِّنَةِ وَالتَّعَرُّبُ بَعْدَ الْهِجْرَةِ وَقَذْفُ الْمُحْصَنَةِ وَالْفِرَارُ مِنَ الزَّحْفِ فَقِيلَ لَهُ أَ رَأَيْتَ الْمُرْتَكِبُ لِلْكَبِيرَةِ يَمُوتُ عَلَيْهَا أَ تُخْرِجُهُ مِنَ الإيمَانِ وَإِنْ عُذِّبَ بِهَا فَيَكُونُ عَذَابُهُ كَعَذَابِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَوْ لَهُ انْقِطَاعٌ قَالَ يَخْرُجُ مِنَ الإسْلامِ إِذَا زَعَمَ أَنَّهَا حَلالٌ وَلِذَلِكَ يُعَذَّبُ أَشَدَّ الْعَذَابِ وَإِنْ كَانَ مُعْتَرِفاً بِأَنَّهَا كَبِيرَةٌ وَهِيَ عَلَيْهِ حَرَامٌ وَأَنَّهُ يُعَذَّبُ عَلَيْهَا وَأَنَّهَا غَيْرُ حَلالٍ فَإِنَّهُ مُعَذَّبٌ عَلَيْهَا وَهُوَ أَهْوَنُ عَذَاباً مِنَ الأوَّلِ وَيُخْرِجُهُ مِنَ الإيمَانِ وَلا يُخْرِجُهُ مِنَ الإسْلامِ.

10. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Harun ibn Muslim from Mas’adah ibn Sadaqa who has said the following: “I heard Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) saying, ‘Of the major sins is to despair from the mercy of Allah and losing hope of receiving happiness from Allah, to feel secure of the punishment of Allah, murdering a soul that Allah has made unlawful to murder, keeping good relations with parents on hold and disregarded, consuming the property of orphans unjustly, consuming unlawful interest in trade despite evidence, alienation from religion after accepting the same, accusing married women of committing indecent acts and running away from the enemy in the battlefield during an offensive.’ <br>The Imam then was asked, ‘A person who commits a major sin and dies, does he lose his belief? And if he will be punished, will he be punished like a pagan? Or will his punishment be discontinued?’ The Imam said, ‘He will lose his Islam if he would think that such acts are lawful, and for this reason he will face the most intense torment. However, if he would acknowledge that they are major sins and it is unlawful for him to commit them and that he will be punished for them and that they are unlawful, then he will be punished but not as intensely as the one mentioned before. It causes him to lose belief, but not Islam.’”