1 - حدثنا الشيخ الجليل أبو جعفر محمد بن بن علي بن الحسين بن موسى بن بابويه القمي (رضي الله عنه)، قال: حدثنا محمد بن موسى بن المتوكل (رحمه الله)، قال: حدثنا محمد بن يعقوب، قال: حدثنا أبو محمد القاسم بن العلاء عن عبد العزيز ابن مسلم، قال: كنا في أيام علي بن موسى الرضا (عليه السلام) بمرو، فاجتمعنا في مسجد جامعها في يوم جمعة في بدء مقدمنا فأدار الناس أمر الامامة، وذكروا كثرة اختلاف الناس فيها، فدخلت على سيدي ومولاي الرضا (عليه السلام)، فأعلمته بما خاض الناس فيه، فتبسم (عليه السلام)، ثم قال: يا عبد العزيز، جهل القوم وخدعوا عن أديانهم (1)، إن الله عز وجل لم يقبض نبيه (صلى الله عليه وآله) حتى أكمل له الدين، وأنزل عليه القرآن فيه تفصيل كل شئ، بين فيه الحلال والحرام والحدود والاحكام، وجميع ما يحتاج الناس إليه كملا (2)، فقال عز وجل: (ما فرطنا في الكتاب من شئ (3)، وأنزل في حجة الوداع، وهي آخر عمره (صلى الله عليه وآله): (اليوم أكملت لكم دينكم وأتممت عليكم نعمتي ورضيت لكم الاسلام دينا) (1)، وأمر الامامة من تمام الدين، ولم يمض (صلى الله عليه وآله) حتى بين لامته معالم دينهم (2)، وأوضح لهم سبله، وتركهم على قصد الحق، وأقام لهم عليا (عليه السلام) علما وإماما، وما ترك شيئا تحتاج إليه الامة إلا بينه، فمن زعم أن الله عز وجل لم يكمل دينه فقد رد كتاب الله عز وجل، ومن رد كتاب الله عز وجل فهو كافر. هل يعرفون قدر الامامة ومحلها من الامة، فيجوز فيها اختيارهم؟ إن الامامة أجل قدرا وأعظم شأنا، وأعلى مكانا، وأمنع جانبا، وأبعد غورا من أن يبلغها الناس بعقولهم، أو ينالوها بآرائهم، أو يقيموا إماما باختيارهم، إن الامامة خص الله عز وجل بها إبراهيم الخليل (صلى الله عليه وآله) بعد النبوة، والخلة مرتبة ثالثة، وفضيلة شرفه الله بها، فأشاد (3) بها ذكره، فقال عزوجل: (إنى جاعلك للناس إماما) فقال الخليل (عليه السلام) سرورا بها: (ومن ذريتي)؟ قال: الله تبارك وتعالى: (لا ينال عهدي الظالمين) (4)، فأبطلت هذه الآية إمامة كل ظالم إلى يوم القيامة وصارت في الصفوة، ثم أكرمه الله بأن جعلها في ذريته أهل الصفوة والطهارة، فقال عز وجل: (ووهبنا له إسحاق ويعقوب نافلة وكلا جعلنا صالحين * وجعلناهم أئمة يهدون بأمرنا وأوحينا إليهم فعل الخيرات وإقام الصلاة وإيتاء الزكاة وكانوا لنا عابدين) (5). فلم تزل في ذريته يرثها بعض عن بعض قرنا فقرنا (6) حتى ورثها النبي (صلى الله عليه وآله)، فقال جل جلاله: (إن أولى الناس بإبراهيم للذين اتبعوه وهذا النبي والذين ءامنوا والله ولى المؤمنين) (1) فكانت له خاصة، فقلدها النبي (صلى الله عليه وآله) عليا (عليه السلام) بأمر الله عز وجل على رسم ما فرض الله، فصارت في ذريته الاصفياء الذين آتاهم الله العلم والايمان بقوله عز وجل (وقال الذين أوتوا العلم والايمان لقد لبثتم في كتاب الله إلي يوم البعث) (2) فهي في ولد علي (عليه السلام) خاصة إلى يوم القيامة، إذ لا نبي بعد محمد (صلى الله عليه وآله). فمن أين يختار هؤلاء الجهال أن الامامة هي منزلة الانبياء وإرث الاوصياء؟ إن الامامة خلافة الله عز وجل وخلافة الرسول (صلى الله عليه وآله) ومقام أمير المؤمنين (عليه السلام) وميراث الحسن والحسين (عليهما السلام)، إن الامامة زمام الدين ونظام المسلمين وصلاح الدنيا وعز المؤمنين، إن الامامة أس الاسلام النامي وفرعه السامي، بالامام تمام الصلاة، والزكاة، والصيام، والحج، والجهاد، وتوفير الفئ، والصدقات، وإمضاء الحدود والاحكام، ومنع الثغور والاطراف، الامام يحل حلال الله ويحرم حرام الله، ويقيم حدود الله، ويذب عن دين الله، ويدعوا إلى سبيل ربه بالحكمة والموعظة الحسنة والحجة البالغة. الامام كالشمس الطالعة للعالم، وهي في الافق بحيث لا تنالها الايدي والابصار، الامام البدر المنير، والسراج الزاهر، والنور الساطع، والنجم الهادي في غياهب الدجى والبلد القفار ولجج البحار، الامام الماء العذب على الظمأ، والدال على الهدى، والمنجي من الردى، الامام النار على اليفاع (3)، الحار لمن اصطلى به، والدليل على المسالك (4)، من فارقه فهالك، الامام السحاب الماطر، والغيث الهاطل، والشمس المضيئة، والارض والبسيطة، والعين الغزيرة، والغدير والروضة. الامام الامين الرفيق، والوالد الرقيق، والاخ الشفيق، ومفزع العباد في الداهية، الامام أمين الله في أرضه، وحجته على عباده، وخليفته في بلاده، والداعي إلى الله، والذاب عن حرم الله، الامام المطهر من الذنوب، المبرأ من العيوب، مخصوص بالعلم، موسوم بالحلم، نظام الدين، وعز المسلمين، وغيظ المنافقين، وبوار الكافرين، الامام واحد دهره، لا يدانيه أحد، ولا يعادله عالم، ولا يوجد عنه (1) بدل، ولا له مثل ولا نظير، مخصوص بالفضل كله من غير طلب منه له (2) ولا اكتساب، بل اختصاص من المفضل الوهاب. فمن ذا الذي يبلغ معرفة الامام أو يمكنه اختياره؟ هيهات هيهات، ضلت العقول، وتاهت الحلوم، وحارت الالباب، وحسرت العيون، وتصاغرت العظماء، وتحيرت الحكماء، وتقاصرت الحلماء، وحصرت الخطباء، وجهلت الالباء، وكلت الشعراء، وعجزت الادباء، وعييت البلغاء عن وصف شأن من شأنه، أو فضيلة من فضائله، فأقرت بالعجز والتقصير، وكيف يوصف أو ينعت بكنهه، أو يفهم شئ من أمره، أو يوجد من يقوم مقامه، ويغني غناءه؟ لا، كيف وأنى (3) وهو بحيث النجم من أيدي المتناولين ووصف الواصفين، فأين الاختيار من هذا، وأين العقول عن هذا، وأين يوجد مثل هذا؟ أظنوا أن ذلك يوجد في غير آل الرسول (عليهم السلام)؟ كذبتهم والله أنفسهم، ومنتهم الاباطيل، وارتقوا مرتقا صعبا دحضا (4)، تزل عنه إلى الحضيض أقدامهم، راموا إقامة الامام بعقول حائرة بائرة ناقصة، وآراء مضلة، فلم يزدادوا منه إلا بعدا، قاتلهم الله أنى يؤفكون، لقد راموا صعبا، وقالوا إفكا، وضلوا ضلالا بعيدا، ووقعوا في الحيرة، إذ تركوا الامام عن بصيرة، وزين لهم الشيطان أعمالهم فصدهم عن السبيل وكانوا مستبصرين، رغبوا عن اختيار الله واختيار رسوله إلى اختيارهم، والقرآن يناديهم: (وربك يخلق ما يشاء ويختار ما كان لهم الخيرة سبحان الله وتعالى عما يشركون) (1)، وقال عز وجل: (وما كان لمؤمن ولا مؤمنة إذا قضى الله ورسوله أمرا أن يكون لهم الخيرة من أمرهم) (2)، وقال عز وجل: (وما لكم كيف تحكمون * أم لكم كتاب فيه تدرسون * إن لكم فيه لما تخيرون * أم لكم أيمان علينا بالغة إلى يوم القيامة إن لكم لما تحكمون * سلهم أيهم بذلك زعيم * أم لهم شركاء فليأتوا بشركائهم إن كانوا صادقين) (3)، وقال عز وجل: (أفلا يتدبرون القرآن أم على قلوب أقفالها) (4) أم طبع الله على قلوبهم فهم لا يفقهون أم (قالوا سمعنا وهم لا يسمعون * إن شر الدواب عند الله الصم البكم الذين لا يعقلون * ولو علم الله فيهم خيرا لاسمعهم ولو أسمعهم لتولوا وهم معرضون) (5)، و (قالوا سمعنا وعصينا) (6) بل هو (فضل الله يؤتيه من يشاء والله ذو الفضل العظيم) (7). فكيف لهم باختيار الامام، والامام عالم لا يجهل، راع لا ينكل، معدن القدس والطهارة والنسك والزهادة والعلم والعبادة، مخصوص بدعوة الرسول، وهو نسل المطهرة البتول، لا مغمز فيه في نسب، ولا يدانيه ذو حسب، في البيت من قريش، والذروة من هاشم، والعترة من آل الرسول (8)، والرضا من الله، شرف الاشراف، والفرع من عبد مناف، نامي العلم، كامل الحلم، مضطلع بالامامة، عالم بالسياسة، مفروض الطاعة، قائم بأمر الله، ناصح لعباد الله، حافظ لدين الله. إن الانبياء والائمة يوفقهم الله عز وجل ويؤتيهم من مخزون علمه وحلمه وما لا يؤتيه غيرهم، فيكون علمهم فوق كل علم أهل زمانهم في قوله عز وجل: (أفمن يهدى إلى الحق أحق أن يتبع أمن لا يهدى إلا أن يهدى فما لكم كيف تحكمون) (1)، وقوله عز وجل: (ومن يؤت الحكمة فقد أوتى خيرا كثيرا) (2)، وقوله عز وجل في طالوت: (إن الله اصطفاه عليكم وزاده بسطة في العلم والجسم والله يؤتى ملكه من يشاء والله واسع عليم) (3)، وقال عز وجل لنبيه (صلى الله عليه وآله): (وكان فضل الله عليك عظيما) (4)، وقال عز وجل في الائمة من أهل بيته وعترته وذريته (صلوات الله عليهم): * (أم يحسدون الناس على ما أتاهم الله من فضله فقد آتينا ءال إبراهيم الكتاب والحكمة وءاتيناهم ملكا عظيما * فمنهم من ءامن به ومنهم من صد عنه وكفى بجهنم سعيرا) (5). وإن العبد إذا اختاره الله عز وجل لامور عباده، شرح صدره لذلك، وأودع قلبه ينابيع الحكمة، وألهمه العلم إلهاما، فلم يعي بعده بجواب، ولا يحير فيه عن الصواب، وهو معصوم مؤيد موفق مسدد، قد أمن الخطايا والزلل والعثار، وخصه الله بذلك ليكون حجته على عباده، وشاهده على خلقه، وذلك فضل الله يؤتيه من يشاء والله ذو الفضل العظيم. فهل يقدرون على مثل هذا فيختاروه، أو يكون مختارهم بهذه الصفة فيقدموه؟ تعدوا وبيت الله الحق، ونبذوا كتاب الله وراء ظهورهم كأنهم لا يعلمون، وفي كتاب الله الهدى والشفاء، فنبذوه واتبعوا أهواءهم، فذمهم الله ومقتهم وأتعسهم، فقال عز وجل: (ومن أضل ممن اتبع هواه بغير هدى من الله إن الله لا يهدى القوم الظالمين) (1) وقال عز وجل: (فتعسا لهم وأضل أعمالهم) (2)، وقال عز وجل: (كبر مقتا عند الله وعند الذين ءامنوا كذلك يطبع الله على كل قلب متكبر جبار) (3).
Abu Ja`far Muhammad b. Ali b. al-Husayn b. Musa b. Babuwayh al-Qummi (ra) narrated to us. He said: Muhammad b. Musa al-Mutawakkil (rh) narrated to us. He said: Muhammad b. Ya`qub narrated to us. He said: Abu Muhammad al-Qasim b. al-`Ala’ narrated to us from `Abd al-`Aziz b. Muslim. He said: In the days of `Ali b. Musa al-Rida (as), we were in Marv, and we gathered in a mosque that we would attend on Friday. The people were speaking about the matter of Imamate, and they mentioned the multitude of differences of opinion regarding it. So, I visited my Master al-Rida (as), and I informed him of the people’s discord regarding it. So, he (as) smiled, then said: O `Abd al-`Aziz! The people are ignorant, and they are deceived with regards to their religions. Surely, Allah did not cause His Prophet (s) to pass away without perfecting the religion for him. He revealed the Quran to him, in which there is elucidation for everything. In it, the lawful, the forbidden, the limits, and the rulings were made clear; as well as all of what the people need. So, He says, “We have neglected nothing in the Book” (6:38). At the Farewell Pilgrimage, at the end of his (s) life, this was revealed, “This day I have perfected your religion for you, and I have completed My favour unto you, and I have chosen for you Islam as a religion.” (5:3) The matter of Imamate is from the completion of religion. He (s) did not pass away until he clarified to the people the landmarks of their religion. He clarified their paths for them, left them on the way toward truth, and established `Ali (as) as their scholar and Imam. He did not leave anything that the Nation would need except that he clarified it for them. He who alleges that Allah did not perfect His religion has turned away from the Book of Allah, and he who turns away from the Book of Allah is a disbeliever. Do they even know the significance and station of Imamate in respect to the Nation for them to dare give their opinions? Surely, Imamate is of a majestic station and great affair. It is the most exalted position, the most prohibited side, and the furthest valley for the people to try to reach with their intellects, attain with their opinions; or [even] establish an Imam by their own selection. The Imamate is something Allah selected Ibrahim the Friend (s) with after prophethood and friendship as a third rank. It is a virtue that He lauded him with, and He mentions it, “Surely, I have made you an Imam for the people”, so the Friend (as), joyed by it, said, “and from my descendants?” So, Allah said, “My covenant does not go to the oppressors” (2:124). This verse invalidates the Imamate (leadership) of every oppressor until the Day of Resurrection; and it went to the elite ones. Allah honoured him by making his progeny the elite, pure people, for He says, “We blessed him with Ishaq and Ya`qub in addition, who We made of the righteous. We made them Imams who guide by Our command. We revealed to them the doing of good works, establishing prayer and giving alms; and they were worshipers of Us.” (21:73-74) His progeny did not stop inheriting it, one after the other, century after century, until it was inherited by the Prophet (s). So, He says, “Those who have most right to Ibrahim are those who follow him, this Prophet, and those who believe – and Allah is the Guardian of the believers.” (3:68) So, it was specifically for him, and the Prophet (s) bequeathed it to `Ali (as) by the command of Allah and in accordance with what Allah has ordained. Then, it went to his progeny, whom Allah gave knowledge and faith – by His saying, “As for those who were given knowledge and faith, they will say: ‘You remained, in accordance with Allah’s decree, until the Day of Resurrection’” (30:56) – so it is specifically in the progeny of `Ali (as) until the Day of Resurrection; and there is no prophet after Muhammad (s). So, how can these ignorant ones choose [for themselves]? Surely, the Imamate is the station of the prophets and the inheritance of the deputies. Surely, Imamate is the vicegerency (khilafa) of Allah, the vicegerency of the Messenger (s), the rank of Amir al-Mu’minin (as), and the inheritance of al-Hasan and al-Husayn (as). Surely, Imamate is the reins of the religion, the order of the Muslims, the rectification of this world, and the glory of the Muslims. Surely, Imamate is the foundation of Islam and its lofty branch. Through the Imam, prayer, alms, fasting, Hajj, jihad, the giving of fay’, charity, the implementation of penalties and rulings, and the frontiers are perfected. The Imam makes permissible what Allah makes permissible and makes forbidden what Allah makes forbidden. He establishes the limits of Allah, defends the religion of Allah, and calls to the way of his Lord with wisdom, goodly exhortations, and clear proof. The Imam is like the Sun that rises over the world, in the horizons where no hands and no vision can encompass it. The Imam is the shining full Moon, the illuminating glow, the dazzling light, and the guiding star in the shroud of darkness, barren wastelands, and depths of the sea. The Imam is fresh water during thirst, the indicator to guidance, and the saviour from apostasy. The Imam is the fire of the highlands, heat for whoever needs it, and the indicator for the wayfarer – he who opposes it is destroyed. The Imam is the raincloud, the falling rain, the illuminating Sun, the soft earth, the abundant river, and the meadowy brook. The Imam is the trustworthy friend, the kind father, the caring brother, and the shelter for servants during catastrophe. The Imam is the trustee of Allah in His Earth, His Proof over His servants, His vicegerent in His lands, the caller to Allah, and the defender of the sanctity of Allah. The Imam is the purifier from sins and the curer of blemishes. He is the specialist of knowledge, bestowed with forbearance, the order of the religion, the glory of the Muslims, the wrath against the hypocrites, and the destruction against the disbelievers. The Imam is the foremost of his time – no scholar is equal to him, and there is no substitute to him. None resemble or match him. He has been wholly specified with virtue, without a need for him to seek it or reap it; surely, he is specified by the Bestower of Virtue and Gifts. So, who is him who reaches full recognition of the Imam or subjects him to their choosing? Far, far have their intellects deviated, their imaginations strayed, their minds bewildered, their eyes perplexed, their great ones drifted, their wise ones confused, their sensible ones fallen short, their preachers confined, their hearts become ignorant, their poets become speechless, and their writers become incapable. The rhetoricians cannot describe one quality of his qualities, or one virtue of his virtues, so they acknowledge their inability and shortcoming. How can [the Imam] be described in his essence? How can one comprehend a thing of his matter? How can one find one present to take his place and his prosperity? How, when he is as far as a star from the hands of the takers and the description of the describers? Where is the choice here? Where are the intellects with respect to this? What is comparable to this? Do they think that this [Imamate] exists outside of the Family of the Messenger (as)? By Allah, they have belied themselves and led themselves into fallacies. They have risen to a confuted difficulty and their feet have slipped to the bottom. They want to establish an Imam with minds that are perplexed, perverted, and partial, and with imprudent perspectives. They do not increase in it except in distance. “May Allah destroy them – how deluded they are!” (63:4) They have run into difficulty, spoken calumnies, deviated far astray, and trapped themselves in perplexity because they have abandoned the Imam. Satan has adorned their deeds for them, misguiding them from the path when they were able to see. They have gone from the selection of Allah and His Messenger to their own selection, when the Quran calls to them, “Your Lord creates what He wills, and He selects what is good for them. May Allah be glorified from what the pagans [claim].” (28:68). He says, “It is not for a believing male or female to have a choice in their affair if Allah and His Messenger commanded something.” (33:36) He says, “How is the matter with you? How do you judge? Do you have a scripture which you read that you will have whatever you choose? Or do you have oaths binding on Us until the Day of Resurrection that you will have whatever you decide? Ask them which of them can guarantee that? Or do they have partners? Then let them bring their partners if they are truthful.” (68:36-41) He says, “Do they not contemplate over the Quran, or are there locks on their hearts?” (47:24) Has Allah sealed their hearts, so they cannot understand? Or, “they say: ‘we listened’, but they do not listen. Surely, the evillest of creatures to Allah is the deaf and dumb that cannot think. Had Allah known of any good in them, He would have made them listen. If He had made them listen, they would have still turned away whilst refusing.” (8:22-23) “They said: ‘We listen and we disobey’” (2:93) Rather, “that is the blessing of Allah. He bestows it upon whom He wills. Allah is of great blessing.” (62:4) So, how would they have a choice in the Imam, when the Imam is knowing and not ignorant? He is a tireless shepherd, and the source of sanctity, purity, offering, asceticism, knowledge, and worship. He is specified by the call of the Messenger. He is of the pure, chaste lineage – he is not of an obscure ancestry, and no nobleman comes close to him. He is of the House from Quraysh, crystallized from Hashim; from the progeny of the Family of the Messenger (s), from Allah's acceptance. He is the noblest of nobles, and he is a branch from `Abd al-Manaf. He is well-versed in knowledge, perfect in forbearance, in charge of leadership, proficient in civilizing, obligatory in obedience, establishing the command of Allah, an advisor to the servants of Allah, and a protector of the religion of Allah. Surely, the prophets and the Imams are supported by Allah. He gives them of His stored knowledge and His forbearance, which is not given to anyone else. Their knowledge is above the knowledge of the people of their time – as per His saying, “Is, then, He who guides to the truth more worthy of being obeyed, or he who has no guidance at all unless he is guided [by someone else]?” (10:35) Also, His saying, “He who is given wisdom has been given much good.” (2:269) Also, His saying with regards to Talut, “Surely, Allah has selected him over you, and increased him in knowledge and in physique. Allah gives His kingdom to whomever He wills – and Allah is encompassing in knowledge.” (2:247) Also, He said to His Prophet (s), “The blessing of Allah upon you is great.” (4:113) He says, regarding the Imams from his Ahl al-Bayt, his progeny and his offspring (s), “Do the people envy those whom Allah has given His blessing? For We have given the Family of Ibrahim the Book and the wisdom, and We gave them a great kingdom. From them are those who believe in Him, and from them are those who reject Him – and Hell is a sufficient blaze.” (4:54-55) When Allah chooses a servant for the affairs of His worshipers, Allah expands his chest for that, puts fountains of wisdom in his heart, and inspires (ilham) him with knowledge. After that, he is aware of no other answer, and his reasoning remains consistent. He is immaculate, aided, supported, and directed. He is safe from errors, slips, and stumbles – Allah specifies this for him so that he may be His proof over His servants and His witness over His creation. “That is the blessing of Allah. He bestows it upon whom He wills. Allah is of great blessing.” (62:4) So, are they capable of being something like this, so that they may select him? Or, is the one that they select capable of taking on this description? They have transgressed, and the House of Allah is the truth. They threw the Book of Allah behind their backs, as though they do not know; and in the Book of Allah is guidance and healing, but they neglected it and followed their whims. So, Allah cursed them, despised them, and made them miserable. He says, “Who is more misguided than him who follows his whims without guidance from Allah? Surely, Allah does not guide the oppressive people.” (28:50) He says, “May they be doomed and may He render their deeds void.” (47:8) He says, “It is greatly hateful in the sight of Allah and in the sight of those who believe. In this way, Allah seals the heart of every arrogant tyrant.” (40:35)
